Vocabulary
Language Change
Morphology
Typology &The Lexicon
Participant Reference/Actions, States, & Processes
100

Ideas that develop over time about what language use is proper and what varieties are better than others

What is prescriptive grammar?

100

These are the recorded languages present in England prior to the arrival of Old English aka Anglo-Saxon.

What are Celtic/Welsh/Gaelic and Latin/Roman?

100

This is the most common way to expand the lexicon.

What is borrowing?

100

The second person singular pronouns that English speakers have abandoned.

What are thou, thee, and thy?

100

"Gender", Common/Proper, Mass/Count, etc.

What are noun classes?

200

The end of the morphological spectrum where all morphemes are separated.

What is analytic morphology?

200

William the Conqueror brought this language to England in 1066.

What is Old French or Anglo-Norman?

200

This is when commonly combined morphemes become stored in the Lexicon as a single unit.

What is Lexicalization

200

This is how compound words are indicated in English.

What is stress?

200

This semantic participant consciously chooses to initiate an action that usually has visible physical consequences.

What is an agent?

300

Morphemes that carry grammatical rather than semantic information

What are function morphemes?

300

England was a bilingual country with English and French for about this long.

What is 300-400 years?

300

This is the end of the morphological spectrum where all morphemes are separated by pauses.

What is analytic?

300

The -s in "he runs" is fusional morphology because it combines these three pieces of grammatical information.

What are person, number, and tense?

300

This semantic participant usually initiates no changes and undergoes no change but is an important, if not primary, semantic participant.

What is a theme?

400

The most common way of expanding the lexicon

What is borrowing?

400

An ierthling in Old English had this different sense than it does today.

What is a farmer?

400

Words like sing, sang, sung are examples of this type of morphology.

What is alternation?

400

The smallest meaningful unit of speech in a given utterance.

What is a morpheme?

400

These can substitute for a N, NP, or DP.

What is an Interrogative Pronoun?

500

Grammatical function words phonologically attached to another word, but more broadly distributed than affixes

What are clitics?

500

Modern English has words like shirt and skirt with similar forms and slightly different meaning because of this.

What the different pronunciation of Old English and Old Norse/Viking words (scirt)?

500

A morpheme used to create a new lexical item, usually from a different syntactic category

What is a derivational morpheme?

500

The process when commonly used compounds or other groups of words get stored in the Lexicon as a single unit for faster retrieval.

What is lexicalization?

500

These are a subset of plural noun forms existing alongside regular plural noun forms.

What are collective plurals?