Exam 1
Definition of psychology...
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Order of information in an APA research paper?
Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Methods
Design
Results
Discussion
Define constructs.
Psychological variables that represent an individual's mental state or experience, often not directly observable, such as personality traits, emotional states, attitudes, and abilities.
What happened in the Milgram study?
In the 1960s, psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of studies on the concepts of obedience and authority. His experiments involved instructing study participants to deliver increasingly high-voltage shocks to an actor in another room, who would scream and eventually go silent as the shocks became stronger
Statistics vs. parameters
statistics are the descriptive data for the sample, parameters are the corresponding values for the population
The 5 Methods of Knowing are...
Intuition
Empiricism
Authority
Scientific Method
Rationalism
Define Meta-analysis
....instead of conducting new research with participants, the researchers examine the results of several previous studies....
What are the scales of measurement?
ordinal
interval
ratio
What is a case study?
An in-depth examination of an individual
What is a sampling error?
random variability in a statistic from sample to sample
APA stands for..and has how many divisions..
American Psychological Association
54
Difference between a scholarly and non-scholarly source?
Non-scholarly source has not been reviewed by other researchers and often based common sense or personal experience.
What does an experiment have that a quasi-experiment does not?
Random assignment
Pearson's r is used for..
finding the relationship between two variables.
a null hypothesis is..
the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error
Three goals of science are..
Predict
Describe
Explain
In an APA style research paper, the charts and graphs go in the discussion section TRUE/FALSE
false
Define measurement
The assignment of scores to individuals so that the scores represent some characteristic of the individuals.
a z-score is..
the difference between that individual’s score and the mean of the distribution, divided by the standard deviation of the distribution.
a two-tailed test is..
a method in which the critical distribution is two sided and tests whether a sample is greater or less than a certain range of values
Unethical study involving syphilis?
Tuskegee
What type of information is found in the Methods section?
The type of research and the techniques and assessment instruments used.
Reliability is...
Validity is....
The consistency of a research study or measuring test.
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
mixed method research is...
research that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches by including both quantitative and qualitative data in a single research study.
Describe the replication crisis.
crisis in which it has been found that many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to replicate or reproduce