IoT Components
What is an IoT “Thing”?
Any physical object with sensors or connectivity that can transmit data.
Which OSI layer does the MQTT protocol operate on?
Application Layer.
Define the perception layer in IoT.
The layer responsible for data collection from the environment.
What does API stand for?
Application Programming Interface.
At which level does cloud computing typically operate in IoT deployment?
Service or Data Processing Level.
What role do sensors play in IoT devices?
They collect environmental or system data (e.g., temperature, motion).
What layer of the OSI model handles IP addressing?
Network Layer.
What is the purpose of a gateway in an IoT system?
Bridges devices and cloud; handles protocols and security.
Give an example of an IoT communication API.
RESTful API, MQTT API, WebSockets.
Why is the Application level important in IoT deployment?
It defines how users interact with IoT data (e.g., dashboards).
What makes an IoT device “smart”?
Ability to sense, process, and communicate data.
Name a lightweight protocol used in constrained IoT devices.
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol).
What do we mean by "logic design" in IoT?
Planning how data flows and decisions are made inside the system.
Why are APIs important in IoT communication?
They standardize communication between devices and systems.
Why is the "Perception Layer" critical in IoT deployment?
It collects raw data from the environment using sensors.
Identify the three physical elements required for any basic IoT device.
Sensor/Actuator, Microcontroller, Communication module.
Why is MQTT better than HTTP for IoT applications?
It uses publish/subscribe, lower bandwidth, and is lightweight.
Identify the blocks you would use to design a smart lighting system that turns on automatically when it’s dark.
Sensor (light), Processor (e.g., microcontroller), Actuator (light switch), Communication module (optional)
How can REST APIs be used in IoT communication blocks?
To send or receive data between client (device) and server (cloud).
How does the Application layer differ from the Service layer in IoT deployment models?
Application layer provides user-facing apps; Service layer delivers data processing and functional services.
Software / Firmware
Controls device logic and communication
If you were designing a remote farming system with very long range and low power needs, which protocol would you use?
LoRaWAN
Why is the communication block essential in IoT system design?
It enables devices to send and receive data across networks.
A smart thermostat sends temperature readings every 10 minutes. Which HTTP method is it likely using?
POST
You are deploying a smart grid system. Which layers of deployment would include sensors and communication networks?
Perception and Network layers.