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Experiments, Good and Bad
Experiments in the Real World
Data Ethics
True or False
Misc.
100
Control Elimanates this.
What is a Lurking Variable
100
It is sometimes best to use an experimental design where neither the subjects nor the people who work with them know which treatment each subject is receiving. What is this experimental design?
What is Double-blind Experiment
100
No individual's exact data should be made open for public viewing. This means the data is kept what?
what is confidential.
100
True or False: The point in the Placebo effect in a medical experiment is to tell the subject what treatment they are receiving.
What is False.
100
One common design that combines matching with Randomization.
What is a matched pairs design
200
A Variable that measures an outcome or result of a study.
What is a response variable.
200
This experimental design combines matching with randomization and is an example of block design
What are Matched Pairs.
200
Before a study can be conducted, all individuals who are subjects must give their informed consent. What is this?
What is understanding exactly what the study consists of and anything harmful that could happen to them during the experiment.
200
True or False: Completely Randomized Designs are the Simplest Statistical design for experiments.
What is True. They illustrate clearly the principals of control, randomization.
200
Placebos are used in experiments to..
What is Eliminate any Expectations, or personal preferences our minds may have.
300
Two Variable are _____ when the Effects on a response variable can not be distinguished from each other
What is Confounding.
300
Which experimental design randomly allocates subjects among all treatments?
What is Completely Randomized Design
300
The purpose of the institutional review board is to what?
What is Make sure all subjects are protected from harm
300
True or False:Flipping a coin is an invalid way to randomize in a matched pairs design.
What is False.
300
What are Clinical trials?
What is an experiment that studies the effectiveness of medial treatments on actual patients.
400
Under the Logic of Experimental Design, the difference in the Response Variables is due to the effect of these..
What are the treatments
400
Experiments often suffer from three different errors. What are these errors?
What is refusals, nonadherers, and dropouts.
400
These experiments are the only way to see the true effects of new treatments.
What is randomized comparative experiments
400
True or False:the most common weakness in an experiment is that we generalize the conclusions widely.
What is true.
400
Blocks are similar to _____ _____. They both group similar individuals together.
What are stratified samples.
500
Name the three basic principals of experimental designs and why we do each of the principals
What is Control (to take care of the Lurking Variables) , Randomization (to use impersonal chance to assign subjects to a treatment and to elimate any systematic bias., and Use Enough subjects (to reduce the chance variation and in the outcomes of the experiment)
500
This is a group of experimental subjects that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatments.
What is block.
500
Two things say that "the interest of the subject must alway prevail over the interests of science and society." What are those two things?
What is medical ethics and international human rights standards
500
True or False: Because the Placebo effect is so strong, Clinical trials and other experiments with human subjects should be double-blind when ever possible.
What is true.
500
The progress of a type of cancer differs in men and women. A clinical experiment to compare three therapies therefore treats gender as a blocking variable. Figure out Design that works best for this Experiment. Draw a diagram to outline a design. You have 500 males and 300 females patients who are willing to serve as subjects
What is a Block Design. (use random assignment) treatment 1(group 1) men treatment 2(group 2) compare reaction treatment3(group 3) subjects: treatment 1(group 4) women treatment 2(group 5) compare reaction treatment 3(group 6)