Glycolysis
what is the primary substrate for glycolysis?
glucose
what are the 2 major enzymatic systems?
krebs cycle and electron transport chain
how does exercise training affect aerobic enzyme activity and mitochondria?
its affected by the amount and size of mitochondria in muscle cells.
Definition of Glycogen?
storage form of glucose in animals (NOT plants) typically stored in the muscle and liver.
what are the final products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvic acids
2 NADH+H^+
A net gain of 2 ATP molecules
what is the function of the krebs cycle?
oxidize substrates, produces some ATP
why is substrate availability and metabolic efficiency improved during exercise?
trained individuals use more fat for energy , saving glycogen and reducing fatigue
what is the definition of animo acids and how many are there?
amino acids are molecules that serve as building blocks of proteins. 20 standard, 9 essential , 11 non essential
how does the reaction of pyruvate to lactate occur?
the conversion happens thru a process called lactic acid fermentation which happens under anaerobic conditions
True or False ?
can amino acids be converted into pyruvate and converted acetyl- CoA: enter the krebs cycle directly
True
how do increased mitochrondia, enzymes, and capillaries from endurance training raise lactate threshold?
Definition of Glycogenesis?
formation of glycogen from glucose
what role does NAD+ have in glycolysis?
It is a electron carrier. It also does oxidation of G3P and regeneration of NAD+.
what does the breakdown of pyruvate in aerobic conditions form in the krebs cycle?
Acetyl-CoA
True or False?
increased mitochondrial density and enhanced blood supply allow muscles to produce more energy and utilize more oxygen
True
what is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate.
a molecule that serves as the primary enery currency of the cell.
which enzyme catalyzes, the reaction that commits glucose to the glycolytic pathway?
phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
what happens to the final product of glycolysis when aerobic metabolism conditions are ready?
pyruvate undergoes further processing in the mitochondria to generate energy
how does exercise training affect the body's ability to use fat as a fuel source ?
training converses limited carbohydrates and increases ability to oxidize fat for energy?
Definition of Glycogenolysis?
breaking down of glycogenolysis into glucose