16. Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
Carl Jung's term for the emergence of the true self through balancing or integration of conflicting parts of the personality.
individuation
The period of the life span marked by changes in physical functioning, sometimes associated with aging
Senescence
A loss that is not clearly defined or does not bring closure.
Ambiguous loss
This is the main focus of hospice care, aimed at relieving pain and suffering and allowing the terminally ill to die in peace, comfort, and dignity.
Palliative care
What are two different ways generativity can be expressed?
communal (care, nurturance of others, parenting)
agentic (contributions to society– creative, scientific; teaching, mentorship, productivity)
Progressive, irreversible degenerative brain disorder characterized by cognitive deterioration and loss of bodily functions, leading to death.
Alzheimer's disease
Name and describe the two types of coping strategies.
Problem-focused coping - directed toward eliminating, managing, or improving a stressful situation.
emotion-focused coping - managing the emotional response to a stressful situation so as to lessen its physical or psychological impact; sometimes called palliative coping.
What is the difference between active euthanasia and passive euthanasia?
active euthanasia - action taken to shorten the life of a terminally ill person in order to end suffering or to allow death with dignity; also called mercy killing.
passive euthanasia - withholding or discontinuing treatment that might extend the life of a terminally ill patient
This theory says that people move through life surrounded by concentric circles of close friends and family of varying degrees of closeness, on which they rely for assistance, well-being, and social support.
Social Convoy Theory
Through this strategy, older people may use their stronger abilities to compensate for those that have weakened.
selective optimization with compensation
In this model of coping, people consciously choose appropriate coping strategies based on the way they perceive and analyze a situation.
Cognitive-Appraisal Model
Name the 5 stages in coming to terms with death
(1) denial
(2) anger
(3) bargaining for extra time
(4) depression
(5) acceptance
According to Laura Carstensen, social interaction has three main goals: (1) it is a source of information; (2) it helps people develop and maintain a sense of self; and (3) it is a source of pleasure and comfort.
Which goal is most important from childhood through young adulthood?
(1) social interaction as a source of information
The dual-process model identifies and seeks to measure two dimensions of intelligence; name and describe them.
Mechanics of intelligence - consist of information-processing and problem-solving functions independent of any content; often declines with age.
Pragmatics of intelligence - includes practical thinking, application of accumulated knowledge and skills, specialized expertise, professional productivity, and wisdom; tends to grow with age
Identify the FIVE categories that elder abuse may fall under.
(1) physical violence
(2) psychological or emotional abuse
(3) material exploitation
(4) neglect
(5) violating personal rights
The stage of the process of grief work when the bereaved person renews interest in everyday activities and memories of the dead person bring fond feelings, rather than pain and longing.
Resolution
Name the six dimensions of Ryff's model of well-being and name the specific dimension that reflects a person's sense of directedness.
1. Self-Acceptance
2. Positive Relationships with Others
3. Autonomy
4. Environmental Mastery
5. Personal Growth
6. Purpose in Life – a high scorer would have a sense of directedness
Name each of the different Theories of Biological Aging
Programmed senescence theory
Endocrine theory
Immunological theory
Wear-and-tear theory
Free-radical theory
Autoimmune theory
Compare disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory.
Disengagement theory - gradual reduction in social involvement and greater preoccupation with the self.
Activity theory - a person must remain as active as possible.
Continuity theory - people must maintain a balance of continuity and change in both the internal and external structures of their lives.
Give at least 3 common manifestations of grief in adolescents.
Depression
Somatic complaints
Delinquent behavior
Promiscuity
Suicide attempts
Dropping out of school