Infancy and Childhood Development Physical
Name two characteristics we learned in class Newborns possess.
Arrives with automatic reflex responses that support survival: sucking, tonguing, swallowing, and breathing
Cries to elicit help and comfort
Searches for sights and sounds linked to other humans especially mother
Hears and smells well and uses sensory equipment to learn
Possess a biologically rooted temperament
Stage of Piagets Theory that is during ages 0-2
Sensorimotor
What is the fertilized egg,it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
Zygote
What is Attachment?
An emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation
What is Developmental Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change through the lifespan
When is the critical period for some skills: language and vision
Early Childhood
At what age is the Formal Operational Stage
11+
What is the second prenatal developmental stage
Embryo
What type of relationship patter is described below:
Ability to explore when caregiver is close
Distress when seperated, happy when reunited
Positive outcomes for child
Secure Attachment
Explain the psychological major issue of Nature vs. Nurture
It is how is our development influenced by the interaction between our genetic inheritance and experiences
Describe what happens during the 3-6 month period of development
3-6 months: Rapid frontal lobe growth and continued growth into adolescence and beyond
What happens during the Preoperational Stage in a Childs development?
A child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Name and describe the last stage in prenatal development
Fetus - The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called what?
Schema
What Psychological major issue can be described as which of our traits persists and which of our traits change through life
Stability and Change
Name the skill that is described below
Develop as nervous system and muscles mature
Primarily universal in sequence, but not in timing
Guided by genes and influenced by environment
Involves the same sequence throughout the world
Motor Skills
Describe and tell what age group the Concrete Operational Stage happens during development.
Concrete Operational Stage - In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from 7 to 11 years old) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Name one prenatal risk we talked about in class.
Teratogens - “monster makers” - Agents like chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and causes harm
Describe Assimilation and Accommodation
Assimilation - Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing new information
Accommodation - Adapting our current understandings (schema) to incorporate new information
What does the major psychological issue of Continuity and Stages deal with?
What parts of development are gradual and continuous and what parts change abruptly
What happens at the birth stage of development?
Neuronal growth spurt and synaptic pruning
Describe one of the following; Object Permanence, Conservation, or Theory of Mind
Object Permanence - The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
Conservation - The principle (which Piaget believed to be part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Theory of Mind - Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict
What are the three aspects prenatal risks depend on?
Timing of exposure
Amount of exposure
Interaction effects
Describe the two theories of attachment
Familiarity theory (Lorenz) -” I was born to love you to keep me alive”
Learning theory (Harlow) - “I love you because you feed me”
Name and describe ALL three Major issues in Psychology
Nature vs Nurture - How is our development influenced by the interaction between our genetic inheritance and experiences
Continuity and Stages - What parts of development are gradual and continuous and what parts change abruptly
Stability and Change - Which of our traits persists and which of our traits change through life