Continuity and Change
It is a foreign aid provided by Japan to support the economic development and welfare of developing countries.
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
What is the first-ever Philippine government's long-term development vision?
AmBisyon Natin 2040
What does RCEP stand for?
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
True or false: Memory, politics, and diplomacy reinforce each other.
True
Where did Doc. Tana studied to get her MA?
De La Salle University, Manila
How many waves of Japanese aid were provided to the Philippines?
4 waves
In 2015, Partnership for Quality Infrastructure was announced to provide approximately US$ ____ for quality infrastructure development in Asia over the next 5 years
US$ 110 Billion
Who overtook Japan in 2022 as the No. 1 source for the Philippines in terms of Official Development Assistance?
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
What postwar payment or policy can be regarded as a precursor to the modern Official Development Assistance (ODA) framework?
War Reparations or 1956 Reparations Agreement
Within 15 seconds, how many are we in this class, including Doc. Tana?
36
While infrastructure development has remained a core priority since the 1960s, Trinidad argues that Japanese aid in the 21st century has undergone this major change, shifting its focus from primarily (1)______ interests to this new, "(2)_______" realm.
Commercial; Securitized
According to Canlas (2017), what are the two policy areas in addition to developing physical infrastructure, namely (1)____ and (2)____
1. improvement of fiscal space for infrastructure investment and 2. improvement of utilization of private finance including PPP due to the huge budget constraint faced by the government
What percentage of global economic output is generated by the economic power of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)?
Thirty percent (30%)
Who were the two representatives of the Philippines in the Tokyo Trials?
Pedro Lopez and Delfin Jaranilla
What is Doc. Tana’s whole name (with middle initial and title)?
Maria Thaemar C Tana, PhD
For over six decades, Japan has remained a "reliable development partner" by consistently prioritizing this specific sector; however, in the 21st century, its aid has undergone a major shift toward this new "securitized" realm to enhance Philippine maritime deterrence. What regional instability prompted this transformation?
Rising tension and maritime territorial disputes in the East and South China Seas/West Philippine Sea
What are the dual infrastructure challenges of the Philippines?
Limited fiscal resources and weak long-term maintenance capacity.
Give one “official” investment cooperation areas to revisit by Japan and Philippines (e.g. technology)
Human Resource Development (HRD)
Technical Assistance for Agriculture
Tourism and Retirement Services
What was the name of the tribunal for the Tokyo War Crimes Trial?
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
If the Philippines is known as the Pearl of the Orient Seas, Japan is known as?
What major events at that time could have influenced the OSA?
China’s growing military assertiveness that harassed civilians/fishermen within Philippine’s Exclusive Economic Zone
China cost guard ships patrolled near the islands of Japan
China built new structures in the surrounding sees
Artificial islands near Philippines
New constructions to exploit oil and gas resources that violate the median line between China and Japan
Stretching over 3,000 kilometers from the north to the south, this is the longest highway in the Philippines and was built with Japanese aid.
The Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway, also known as the Daang Maharlika or Pan-Philippine Highway
Under whose presidency in the Philippines was the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) signed, alongside other ASEAN member states and key regional partners such as Japan?
President Rodrigo Duterte
How much was the total reparation paid by Japan, and give us the breakdown.
Total of $800 million
1. $550 million reparation
a. $500 million = capital goods
b. $30 million = services
c. $20 million = consumer goods
2. $250 million = commercial loans
Who is the prime minister of Japan now in 2026?
Sanae Takaichi