changes in body size, appearances and function of body systems; brain development; physical health and perceptual and motor capacities.
What is Physical Development?
100
John Locke
Who looked at children as blank slates (i.e. la tabula rasa) parents can mold; with proper instruction; saw children as having no influence over their development?
100
Behavior Modification
The use of conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and encourage desirable responses is called...
100
views development as being affected by complex interactions between multiple layers of the environment
What is the Ecological Systems Theory?
100
3
At the end of the first month, a fetus has how many levels of cells?
200
primitive, raw portion of the personality focused on satisfying biological needs and desires immediately
What is Id?
200
Piaget
Who believed children actively construct knowledge as they explore the world (i.e. child’s brain develops and adapts to align with experiences)?
200
encourages students to ask questions and formulate their own tentative answers, from practical examples, past experiences and general knowledge; encourages exploring and manipulating environment for learning
What is Discovery Learning?
200
focus on how the value, beliefs, customs and skills of a culture are passed through generations, particularly through meaningful, cooperative dialog between child and more skilled adult
Explain the Sociocultural Perspective.
200
22-26 weeks
What is the age of viability?
300
type of learning where a neutral stimulus elicits a response, after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which naturally brings about a response (e.g. “Little Albert)
What is Classical Conditioning?
300
Expanded on Freud’s theories of development but placed less emphasis on the sexual aspect and looked at the growth of personality into adulthood Considered cultural differences in development and rearing (e.g. Yurok Indians: 10 day nursing fast, abrupt 6 month weaning).
What did Erikson do?
300
children construct all knowledge about their world with perceptual and motor capacities
What is the constructivist approach?
300
Psychoanalytic Perspectives
When children progress through stages confronting conflicts between biological urges and social expectations, quality of resolution affects learning, social relationships and ability to cope with anxiety, these are called...
300
Isolette
What is a temperature regulated plexiglass enclosed bed with filtered air called?
400
Operant Conditioning
What is learning through rewards and consequences (reinforces and punishers)?
400
Binet
Who established the first school based intelligence test to identify special needs students?
400
Allows observation of relationship between behaviors and experiences/characteristics; but does not control for extraneous variables
What is so special about Correlational designs?
400
constant push to satisfy psychological needs to reduce states of anxiety or tension
What is the drive-reduction theory?
400
decrease in response to a stimuli due to repeated exposure
What is Habituation?
500
Schemes
What are mental organizations used to represent and make sense of one’s environment and dictate behaviors (e.g. reflexes, mouthing?
500
viewed children as having a natural plan for order and growth and an innate sense of right and wrong; viewed adult training as an interference to child’s natural direction
What did Rousseau think of development?
500
a condition controlled by experimenter
What is an independent variable?
500
focus is on the adaptive value of behaviors (e.g. babies smile and coo because it attracts caregivers > feeding, changing, loving, etc.)
What is the Ethological Perspective?
500
Teratogen
Anything causing damage to the fetus in the prenatal environment is called a...