Early Tech
What material was used for early tools before metals, often chipped into sharp edges?
Stone
What is the term for growing crops and raising animals instead of hunting and gathering?
Agriculture
In which modern country was Ötzi’s body found?
Italian-Austrian border
What is the term for a group of people living together in a fixed place?
Settlement or village
In which modern country is Çatalhöyük located?
Turkey
Name one type of tool (e.g., axe, sickle) that improved hunting or farming in the Neolithic period.
Axe, sickle, or grinding stone
Name one crop domesticated in the Neolithic period.
Wheat, barley, lentils, or peas (accept similar)
Why did Ötzi’s body survive all this time?
It was preserved in ice.
Name one advantage of living in a village over a nomadic lifestyle.
Examples: Safety, food surplus, or community cooperation
What material was used for most houses in Çatalhöyük?
Mud-brick
What invention allowed Neolithic people to transport heavy loads more easily?
The wheel
How did agriculture lead to permanent settlements?
Surplus food allowed people to stay in one place instead of moving to find food.
Name one item found with Ötzi that showed advanced technology for his time.
Copper axe, flint dagger, or bow and arrows
How did early villages support population growth?
Reliable food from farming and storage allowed larger, stable communities.
How did Çatalhöyük residents enter their homes, since they lacked streets?
Through ladders from the roof
How did the development of pottery impact Neolithic food storage?
It allowed for better storage of surplus food, preventing spoilage and enabling settled life.
What was one challenge of early farming, (think a risk to crops or land)?
Drought, pests, or soil depletion
What did Ötzi’s tattoos suggest about Neolithic medical practices?
They may indicate early acupuncture or pain relief treatments.
What was one feature of early villages, like a structure or system, that supported daily life?
Mud-brick houses, storage pits, or irrigation systems
What do Çatalhöyük’s wall paintings and figurines suggest about their culture?
They likely had religious or spiritual beliefs, possibly worshipping animals or deities.
Explain how polished stone tools were an advance over earlier flaked stone tools.
Polished tools were stronger, sharper, and more durable, made by grinding rather than chipping.
Describe one social change caused by the Agricultural Revolution
Examples: Specialized jobs (e.g., farmers, artisans), rise of social hierarchies, or gender roles shifting.
How did Ötzi’s copper axe provide evidence of Neolithic metallurgy?
(Metallurgy=the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.)
It showed knowledge of smelting and shaping metal, a major technological leap.
Explain how trade developed between early villages.
Villages traded surplus goods (e.g., crops, tools) for resources they lacked, fostering networks.
Why is Çatalhöyük considered a "proto-city" rather than a typical village?
Its large size, dense population (up to 8,000), and complex organization were city-like.