Parenting Styles
This parenting style is high in warmth and high in control; parents set rules but are responsive.
What is authoritative?
The concept that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
What is object permanence?
This experiment showed that infant monkeys prefer comfort and security over food.
What is Harlow’s Monkey Experiment?
Infancy (0–1 year): The stage where infants learn to trust caregivers who provide consistent care.
What is Trust vs. Mistrust?
Birth–2 years: experiencing the world through senses and actions; object permanence develops.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
This style is strict and expects obedience without question.
What is authoritarian?
When a child fits new information into existing schemas.
What is assimilation?
The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life.
What is imprinting?
Toddlerhood (1–3 years): Children begin asserting independence and autonomy.
What is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?
2–6 years: representing things with words and images; egocentrism and pretend play.
What is the preoperational stage?
This style has few rules or expectations and gives lots of freedom.
What is permissive?
When a child changes an existing schema or creates a new one to adapt to new information.
What is accommodation?
In Mary Ainsworth’s experiment, this type of attachment is when a child is distressed when the caregiver leaves but comforted when they return.
What is secure attachment?
Preschool (3–6 years): Children begin initiating activities and taking on new challenges.
What is Initiative vs. Guilt?
7–11 years: thinking logically about concrete events; understanding conservation.
What is the concrete operational stage?
This parenting style shows low warmth and low control; parents are detached.
What is uninvolved?
The understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.
What is conservation?
Insecurely attached infants may show these reactions when the caregiver leaves.
What are avoidant or ambivalent behaviors?
Adolescence (12–18 years): Teens explore who they are and develop a sense of identity.
What is Identity vs. Role Confusion?
12+ years: abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking develop.
What is the formal operational stage?
The overall attitude and behavior pattern of an individual that influences how they react emotionally.
What is temperament?
The tendency of children to see the world only from their own point of view.
What is egocentrism?
The psychologist who explored how early attachment styles impact future relationships.
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
Middle adulthood (40–65 years): People focus on contributing to society and helping the next generation.
What is Generativity vs. Stagnation?
The mental framework for organizing and interpreting information.
What is a schema?