Random
The person who babies most commonly form their first attachment to.
What is their primary caregiver?
The actions or mental representations that organize knowledge
What are schemas?
Development is always positive and only occurs in childhood
What is FALSE - development is a pattern of change, this can be growth or decline. Development occurs throughout the lifespan.
Provide an example of a normative age graded influence.
Example: puberty
Hypothesis or Theory: A professor predicts that less students will attend her class when it is raining.
Hypothesis
Anthony is designing an experiment and is wondering how to assign his participants to experiment groups. What is the ideal way for him to do so?
What is Random sampling
Concept and propositions intended to describe and explain certain phenomena
What is a THEORY
Nurture plays more of a role in development than nature.
What is TRUE
Provide an example of habituation.
Habituation - decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations
Ex: My cat Kobe used to hiss everytime he saw my dog Nelly. Now, he no longer hisses when he sees her.
Age effect or cohort effect: Older adults are better at math.
Cohort effect - Younger people are used to using calculators. You don't get better at math as you age (sadly)
One of the most famous longitudinal studies in Psychology. Measured aging of cognition and intelligence across the lifespan of its participants.
What is the Seattle Longitudinal Study
Any external agents that can pass through the placenta and negatively effect the embryo.
What is a TERATOGEN
Temperament is the first personality
What is TRUE
Provide an example of a parent-child attachment style.
Secure
Resistant
Avoidant
Disorganized
Phenotype or genotype: "Chemo curls" is a phenomenon where hair grows back curlier after chemotherapy treatment for some people. Jessica has had straight hair her entire life and has the genetic coding for straight hair, however her hair has grown back curly after chemotherapy. Curly hair is her...
Phenotype
You are playing with your one-and-a-half-year-old cousin and her favorite toy. When you hide the toy behind your back, she suddenly bursts into tears. According to Piaget, what stage of development is she in?
What is SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
The beginning of organs, known as the "critical period" for prenatal development. Happens during the embryonic stage.
What is ORGANOGENESIS
Children are born with object permanence.
FALSE - Object permanence is developed after the sensorimotor stage.
Provide an example of a developmental issue.
-> Nature vs Nurture
-> Activity vs Passivity
-> Continuity vs Discontinuity
-> Universality vs context specific
-> Stability vs change
Cross-sectional or Longitudinal Study: Tom assesses language acquisition skills of children in the 1st grade, 3rd grade, and the 5th grade and compares the differences of the age groups.
Cross-sectional - differences in ages
Who is Piaget?
A research design in which one cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time. Provides information about age changes rather than age differences.
What is LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
45% of fertilized gametes result in a miscarriage and 20% of people who are aware they are pregnant miscarry.
True - miscarriage (also known as spontaneous abortion) is the most common hazard to prenatal development.
Provide an example of accommodation.
Any example where children adjust their schemas to account for new information and experiences
Ex: A child sees a train on a walk with his father and calls it a "car". His father explains that it is a train. The next time he sees a train, he identifies it as a train.
Accommodation or assimilation: A young child sees an older woman at the grocery store and calls her "Grandma".
Assimilation: the child uses existing schemas to process new info.