Brain Development
The middle section of the brain forming part of the central nervous system.
Midbrain
Unable to see the world from any other viewpoint but one's own.
Egocentrism
What is symbolic play?
Play using objects and ideas to represent other objects and ideas.
What was the primary purpose of Piaget's Three Mountains task?
To investigate children's understanding of perspective-taking and how they perceive the world from different viewpoints.
The number of neural connections from birth to 3 years old.
700-1000 new connections formed every second
Knowing something exists even if it is out of sight.
Object permanence
General principles about what is right and wrong, including good and bad behaviour.
Morality
What age group did Piaget primarily study using the Three Mountains task, and what key cognitive limitation did he observe in their responses?
Piaget primarily studied children aged 4 to 6 years old. He observed that they often exhibited egocentrism, failing to recognize that others could see the mountains from a different perspective.
Connects the upper brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic responses.
Medulla oblongata
When does the formal operational stage start?
12+ years
A child who realises that changing how something looks does not change its volume, size or weight has achieved what?
Conservation
Describe one significant finding from Piaget’s Three Mountains study regarding children’s ability to understand others' viewpoints
One significant finding was that children in the pre-operational stage struggled to understand that another person could have a different perspective than their own, often choosing their own viewpoint when asked to identify what someone else could see.
By what age does a child's brain reach approximately 80% of its adult size, and why is early stimulation important during this period?
By the age of 3 years. Early stimulation is important because it reinforces neural connections, which are crucial for cognitive and motor skill development.
From the descriptions below, which stage are they referring to?
Children begin to use words and pictures to represent objects.
Children struggle to see things from the perspective of others.
The emergence of language is one of the major hallmarks of this stage.
Pre-operational (2 to 7 years)
Jessica can sort pencils from large to small. What stage is she in?
Concrete operational stage (7 to 12 years)
What implications does Piaget's Three Mountains study have for understanding the development of spatial awareness in children, and how can this inform the design of spatial learning activities in early education?
Piaget's study suggests that young children have limitations in spatial awareness and perspective-taking, often focusing on their own viewpoint. This understanding can inform the design of spatial learning activities by incorporating hands-on experiences, such as using manipulatives or interactive maps, which allow children to explore and visualize different perspectives. Additionally, activities that encourage collaboration and discussion about spatial relationships can help develop their understanding of how others perceive space differently.
When the foetus is 3 or 4 weeks old, a long tube develops in the brain, which is divided from the front into three distinct sections. Name these three sections.
forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
Name the four stages, and state the age that matches with it.
Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years
Pre-operational stage: 2 to 7 years
Concrete operational stage: 7 to 12 years
Formal operational stage: 12+ years
A child believing that the sidewalk was mad and made them fall down, or that the stars twinkle in the sky because they are happy.
Animism
How might the findings from Piaget's Three Mountains task inform educational practices for teaching perspective-taking skills to young children? Provide two specific strategies.
- Educators can use role-playing activities where children must describe a scene from different viewpoints, helping them practice perspective-taking. - Additionally, incorporating storytelling where characters have different experiences and viewpoints can encourage children to consider how others perceive situations differently, reinforcing the understanding gained from the Three Mountains study.