Emotional and Personality Development
According to Erikson, the main psychosocial conflict in middle and late childhood is industry versus __________.
Inferiority
The value parents place on education can determine whether or not children do well in school. True or False
True
These children receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.
average children
This behavior, often verbal or physical and aimed at someone less powerful, most frequently involves belittling others about their looks or speech.
bullying
A learner-centered educational approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher.
constructivist approach
Children in middle childhood show increased ability to experience more than one emotion at a time and a capacity for genuine __________.
Empathy
Approximately 50 percent of remarried women bear children within their newly formed union. True or False
True
These children are well-liked by peers because they give positive reinforcement, listen carefully, communicate openly, control negative emotions, and show confidence without arrogance.
popular children
This aspect of friendship involves self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts.
intimacy
A structured, teacher-centered educational approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of academic skills, high expectations for students’ progress, maximum time spent on learning tasks, and efforts to keep negative affect to a minimum.
direct instruction approach
The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is known as self-__________.
Efficacy
Parents spent _____ time with their children aged 5 to 12 as they did when the child was younger.
less
These children are often disliked by their peers, with about half showing aggression and impulsiveness, while 10 to 20 percent are shy.
rejected children
This term refers to the way we think about social matters and understand relationships with others.
social cognition
Students from low-income, ethnic minority
backgrounds have more difficulties in
school and face significant barriers. True or Flase
True
The ability to manage one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts through deliberate effort is called self-__________.
Regulation
Who is more likely to engage in managerial roles when parenting?
mothers
These children are rarely nominated as best friends but are not actively disliked by their peers.
neglected children
These students often have low grades and are more likely to smoke and drink than their peers.
bullies
The cognitive view, either fixed or growth, that individuals develop for themselves.
mindset
Self-esteem refers to global evaluations of the self, while self-concept refers to __________ evaluations of the self.
Domain-specific
In middle and late childhood, ______ attachment is associated with lower levels of internalized symptoms of anxiety and depression.
secure
This term refers to the extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group.
sociometric status
In this example, a boy misinterprets an accident as a hostile act and retaliates aggressively, leading peers to view him negatively—showing the importance of this concept in peer interactions.
social cognition
Individuals with a ______ mindset believe their qualities
cannot change.
Individuals with a ______ mindset believe their qualities can change and improve through their own effort
fixed; growth