Prenatal Development / Neonates
A child loves music (parents not too into music) prompts the parent to enroll the child into music lessons is an example of this genotype --> environment effect.
What is Evocative genotype --> environment effect?
The degree to which development can be influenced by environmental circumstances
What is Plasticity?
What is Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt?
The ability to suppress true emotions given sociocultural expectations and environmental circumstances.
What is emotional masking?
Repeating lists, numbers, or lines is an example of this strategy that boosts working memory/short-term memory development in middle childhood.
What is rehearsal?
The most common teratogen during pregnancy.
What is malnutrition?
These type of tasks measure infant cognition through violation of expectation trials.
What is Preferential Looking?
This task is used to determine whether a child possesses self-recognition/self-awareness.
What is The Rouge Task?
What is the Preoperational Stage?
The term for children's views of themselves and their understanding their strengths and weaknesses, which becomes more accurate in middle childhood.
What is self-concept?
Newborns show early signs of this emotion when they cry at the sound of other infants' cries.
What is empathy?
In the study of "mother" ovals moving to and from "baby" ovals, infants with this attachment pattern stared much longer when the "mother" oval was unresponsive to the "baby" oval's distress.
What is secure attachment?
Shame, pride, embarrassment, guilt, and empathy are all example of this type of emotions that emerge in toddlerhood.
What are secondary emotions?
Parenting style that is high on demandingness and low on responsiveness.
What is authoritarian parenting?
The more interdependent regulation found in early childhood shifts to this type of regulation in middle childhood.
What is coregulation?
When neonates have a low birth weight, this natural practice has shown to promote growth through regulation and bonding.
What is skin-to-skin?
Or
What is kangaroo care?
This famous (and unethical) experiment showed us that we innately value a comforting bond more than having our needs met.
What is Harlow's Monkey Experiment?
Studies on Genie and the Piraha demonstrate these periods for language and math development, making it difficult to develop beyond a certain skill level beyond toddlerhood.
What are critical periods?
Or
What are sensitive periods?
The alternate explanation that the hippocampus capacity is limited and needs to prioritize functional knowledge over episodic knowledge is used to explain this phenomenon at age three.
What is infantile amnesia?
This type of bully is often bullied by others, but finds someone with a lower status and also bullies that individual.
What is bully-victim?
This theory proposes that some emotions are present at birth and are universal among all humans because they are critical for survival
What is Discrete Emotions Theory?
The fit between temperament of a child and environmental circumstances.
What is Goodness-of-Fit?
Children who show momentary relief, but then push the caregiver away upon reunion during the Strange Situation are classified as this attachment pattern.
What is insecure-resistant attachment?
The level (or stage) of Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning young children are most likely to align with.
What is Preconventional Morality level?
Or
What is the Avoid Punishment stage?
The phenomena that Western cultures have markedly improved in their IQ overtime while other cultures have not.
What is the Flynn Effect?