Major Issues in Developmental Psychology
Do we develop in a constant, gradual growth? Or, do we change in distinct changes?
Continuity vs Stages
The physical and mental abnormalities in babies caused by pregnant women's heavy drinking during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Assimilation
Differently to Piaget, what did Vygotsky focused on?
Social interactions and internalizing language. He believed that children learn and develop when adults provide them an environment where it's not too difficult nor it is too easy.
What did Erik Erikson believed? What was his theory based on?
We must resolve a crisis at each stage of life to be able to form a healthy identity.
Do some traits remain the same throughout our lives or do they change as we grow and develop?
Stability vs. Change
At 9 weeks pregnant, hands and face have developed. The embryo is now called a
fetus
Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. Ex. I understand that this is a cat and not a dog.
Accomodation
What the child can do with the help of others, but not by themselves yet. The ideal learning scenario.
Identity vs. Role Confusion? What occurs in the stage?
Adolescence. Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to either form an identity or feel confused about who they are.
Nature vs Nurture
when something touches a newborn’s cheek, the infant turns toward that side with an open mouth.
Rooting reflex
The lack of conservation, Pretend Play, and Egocentrism are key characteristics of which stage of development?
Preoperational Stage
Stranger Anxiety
Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
Stroking the palm of a baby's hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp
Grasp reflex
The concrete operational stage ranges from _____ to _____ years. What can children in this stage do according to Piaget?
7 to 11 years.
They have the ability to conserve. They can think logically about concrete events and perform arithmetical operations.
Children with _______________ attachment are less likely to explore their surroundings or become very clingy to their mothers.
Insecure attachment.
Erikson characterizes development as a series of ____________.
a. psychosocial stages
b. psychosexual stages
c. cognitive development stages
d. sociological stages
A biological growth process leading to orderly changes in behavior, mostly independent of experience. For example, babies stand, then walk, then run.
Maturation
If... then... thinking, or hypothetical thinking is a characteristic of which stage?
Children with ____________ attachment feel distress when the mother leaves the room, but are easily calmed and seek her comfort when she returns.
Secure attachment.
What psychosocial crisis results in a sense of “feeling good by contributing to the world” or “a lack of purpose”?
A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B. Generativity vs. stagnation
C. Intimacy vs. isolation
D. Trust vs. mistrust