Attachment Theory
Mary Ainsworth discovered several differences in the type and level of human attachment between a caregiver and their child by using the _______________ procedure.
What is the "Strange Situation" Procedure?
Sara thinks the stars twinkle because they are happy. What concept is this in Piaget's Theory?
What is Animism?
(Preoperational Stage)
The central activity during this stage is play, as children feel secure in their abilities to lead others and make decisions.
What is Initiative v. Guilt?
This psychologist introduced the Cognitive Development Theory to psychology.
Who is Jean Piaget?
During this level of moral reasoning, children make decisions based on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.
What is Preconventional?
In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, "preconventional morality" is the first level, characterized by decisions based on personal consequences and avoiding punishment or gaining rewards, rather than internalized ethical principles.
This stage of prenatal development occurs in the first two weeks after conception.
What is the Germinal stage?
In this type of parenting, parents set strict rules and expect unquestioning obedience, often with little room for discussion or negotiation.
What is Authoritarian Parenting?
Justin is an infant who does not use his mother or his caregivers as a base to explore his surroundings. He hardly notices his mother when she leaves him alone and is not upset when she returns. Justin is displaying the ______________ style of attachment.
What is "Avoidant" Attachment?
Stephen understands that if he pours his glass of sweet tea from an 8 ounce glass to an 16 ounce glass it doesn't change the amount of liquid in either of the glasses.
What concept does Stephen understand?
What is Conservation?
( Concrete Operational Stage)
What is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?
_______________ theory of psychosocial development outlines eight stages, each characterized by a specific conflict that individuals must navigate to develop a healthy personality and sense of self.
Who is Erik Erikson's?
In this level of moral reasoning, an individual makes choices based on their own beliefs, even if those beliefs are not in accordance with laws or social convention.
What is Postconventional Moral Reasoning?
The zygote begins to divide rapidly through a process called mitosis, forming a ball of cells. during this stage.
What is Germinal Stage?
A child throws a tantrum and the parent gives in to their demands rather than setting a boundary or enforcing a consequence.
What type of parenting is happening in this situation?
What is Permissive Parenting?
In Harry Harlow's monkey experiment, the wire mother provided ___________ while the cloth mother provided ____________.
What is nourishment (food) and Security (comfort)?
4- Month old Darren loves to play with his toy trucks. He will roll them across the room, however if they roll under a piece of furniture in which he cannot see them, he does not attempt to go find his truck.
What concept according to Piaget has Darren not cognitively developed?
What is Object Permeance?
It is at this stage that the child's peer group will gain greater significance and become a major source of the child's self-esteem.
What is Industry vs. Inferiority?
Researchers want to investigate the relationship between obesity and high blood pressure in a community.
A _____________________ research study would be best for the researcher to conduct this research.
What is Cross-Sectional Research Method?
Cross-sectional research studies collect data from a population or sample at a single point in time to examine relationships between variables, prevalence of a condition, or trends, without following subjects over time.
John Paul does not speed when he drives because he believes it is important to obey the traffic laws to maintain safety.
What level of moral reasoning is John Paul exhibiting in this scenario?
What is Conventional Moral Reasoning?
Conventional moral reasoning is a stage of moral development in which people make decisions based on social norms and expectations.
The nervous system, heart and an limbs form during this stage of prenatal development.
What is the Embryonic stage?
In this type of parenting, parents set clear expectations and rules, but also listen to their children's perspectives and engage in open communication and negotiation
What is Authoritative Parenting?
Sara is a 6-year old who is taken care of by her Grandma. Sara shows visible signs of distress when her Grandma leaves her. When her Grandma returns, Sara expresses her joy and is happy to see her again. Sara is exhibiting the _____________ type of attachment.
What is "Secure" Attachment?
Adolescents should be able to engage in hypothetical-deductive thinking during this stage of Piaget's Theory.
What is Formal Operational Intelligence?
It is during this stage that the adolescent will re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is.
What is Identity vs. Role Confusion?
Researchers want to investigate the impact of early childhood experiences on later behavior and mental health.
A _____________________ research method would be best for the researcher to conduct this research.
What is the Longitudinal Research Method?
A longitudinal research design involves repeatedly observing the same subjects or variables over an extended period, allowing researchers to track changes and developments, and potentially identify cause-and-effect relationships.
Bonnie participates in a peaceful protest for her "prolife" group to advocate for human rights.
What level of moral reasoning is Bonnie displaying in this scenario?
What is Postconventional Moral Reasoning?
Postconventional moral reasoning involves making decisions based on universal ethical principles and values, rather than societal norms or personal interests.
A _________________ is a substance that can cause birth defects or abnormalities in a developing fetus.
What is a Teratogen?
In this type of parenting, parents are lenient, make few demands, and are often indulgent, allowing children a high degree of freedom and autonomy.
What is Permissive Parenting?
Samuel is 2 years old, sometimes he cries and his mother immediately picks him up, then there are other times when he cries and she ignores him. Samuel most likely has a (n) ______________ attachment with his mother.
What is Ambivalent (Insecure) Attachment?
The Personal fable and imaginary audience which occur during the Formal Operational Stage are part of the adolescent ___________________.
What is Egocentrism?
Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom, which allows a person to look back on their life with a sense of closure and completeness.
What is Ego Integrity vs. Despair?
________________ was a developmental psychologist perhaps best known for her Strange Situation assessment and contributions to the area of attachment theory.
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
Clare volunteers at her local animal shelter because people in society view volunteering positively.
What level is Clare exhibiting in this scenario?
What is Conventional Moral Reasoning?
Conventional moral reasoning is a stage of moral development in which people make decisions based on social norms and expectations.
During this stage, the fetus will continue to develop organs, including the brain and spinal cord.
What is the Fetal Stage?
In this type of parenting, parents are often detached and uninvolved in their children's lives, providing little to no guidance, support, or supervision.
What is Uninvolved Parenting?
Individuals who form a __________________ attachment with their caretaker may struggle with both the fear of intimacy and the fear of abandonment, leading to turbulent and unpredictable relationships.
What is Disorganized Attachment?
Eric is on the phone with his grandma and he suddenly exclaims to her "Grandma, look at that pretty red bird outside the window". When his Grandma ask him to describe the bird, he says, "Grandma, it is outside the window, see it?". Eric gets frustrated so he hangs up the phone.
What concept is this scenario an example of?
What is Egocentrism?
(Pre-Operational Stage)
Success in this stage leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
What is Generativity v. Stagnation?
Experts generally recognize four parenting styles that influence how you raise your child, based on the research of psychologist ___________________.
Who is Diana Baumrind?
Noah witnesses Alex cheating on an exam in his psychology class. He doesn't know whether or not to tell the teacher that Alex was cheating during the exam. He eventually comes to the conclusion to not tell the teacher because everyone cheats anyways.
What level of moral reasoning is Noah displaying in this scenario?
What is Preconventional Moral Reasoning?
This is a common characteristic of babies born to women who smoke during their pregnancies.
What is low-birth weight?
A parent who demands perfect grades and enforces expectations through strict monitoring and harsh consequences.
What type of parenting is being enforced in this situation?
What is Authoritarian Parenting?
What psychologist is responsible for the Attachment theory research?
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
__________________ is a key ability that emerges during the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) where children can organize objects into categories and understand hierarchical relationships.
What is Classification?
During the stage we explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone other than a family member.
What is Intimacy vs. Isolation?
______________________ developed a theory stating individuals progress through six distinct stages of moral reasoning from childhood to adulthood.
Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?
Ms. Morales stated to her high school students on the 1st day of school, "I have only one rule in this classroom and that rule is not negotiable: Respect yourself and everyone else in this room. If you can't respect yourself, you can't respect other people. And if you don't have any self-respect, you have a problem. We're going to fix that problem because every person has the right to his or her personal dignity."
What level or moral reasoning is the Ms. Morales asking all her students to exhibit?
What is Postconventional Moral Reasoning?
The structures and systems established during this stage serve as the foundation for the organism's future growth and development, making this period critical for a healthy outcome.
What is the Embryonic Stage?
________________ parents enforce the need for academic discipline while being understanding and empathetic of a child's need to relax after a long day at school
What are Authoritative?