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Research Methods
(Chapter 1)
Theories of Human Development And Hereditary Influences on Development (Chapters 2 & 3)
Prenatal Development and Birth and Infancy
(Chapters 4 & 5)
Physical Development & Cognitive Development
(Chapters 6 & 7)
Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives
(Chapter 8)
100
The extent to which a measuring instrument yields consistent results, both over time and across observers.
What is reliability?
100
Psychoanalytic term for the inborn component of the personality that is driven by instincts.
What is the "id"?
100
a soft tube containing blood vessels that connects the embryo to the placenta
What is the umbilical cord?
100
Nerve cells that receive and transmit neural impulses.
What are neurons?
100
Information-processing model that depicts information as flowing through three processing units/stores: the Sensory Store, the Short Term Store (STS), and the Long Term Store (LTS)
What is the Multistore Model?
200
The extent to which a measuring instrument accurately reflects what the researchers intended to measure.
What is validity?
200
An organized pattern of thought or action that a child constructs to make sense of some aspects of his or her experience.
What is a scheme/schema?
200
Strong feelings of sadness, resentment, and despair that may appear shortly after childbirth and can linger for months.
What is postpartum depression?
200
Capacity for change; a developmental state that has the potential to be shaped by experience.
What is plasticity?
200
One's knowledge about cognition and about the regulation of cognitive activities.
What is metacognition?
300
The tendency of participants to react to an observer's presence by behaving in unusual ways.
What is observer influence?
300
A method of detecting gross physical abnormalities by scanning the womb with sound waves, thereby producing a visual outline of the fetus.
What is an ultrasound?
300
The process by which we categorize and interpret sensory input.
What is perception?
300
The activity of knowing and the processes through which knowledge is acquired.
What is cognition?
300
A failure to spontaneously generate and use known strategies that could improve learning and memory.
What is production deficiency?
400
A research method in which the investigator gathers extensive information about the life of an individual and then tests developmental hypotheses by analyzing the events of the person's life history.
What is a case study?
400
The amount of variability in a train that is attributable to hereditary factors.
What is heritability?
400
A decrease in ones response to a stimulus that has become familiar through repetition.
What is habituation?
400
The process of modifying existing schemes in order to incorporate or adapt to new experiences.
What is accommodation?
400
effortful techniques used to improve memory, including rehearsal, organization, and elaboration.
What are mnemonics (memory strategies)?
500
The use of objective and replicable methods to gather data for the purpose of testing a theory or hypothesis. It dictates that, above all, investigators must be objective and must allow their data to decide the merits of their thinking.
What is the scientific method?
500
The period of time that is optimal for the development of particular capacities, or behaviors , and in which the individual is particularly sensitive to environmental influences that would foster these attributes.
What is the sensitive period?
500
A relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavior potential) that results from one's experiences or practice.
What is learning?
500
A basic life function that enables an organism to adapt to its environment.
What is intelligence?
500
A particular type of problem solving that involves making inferences.
What is reasoning?