Attachment & Early Life
This researcher’s “Strange Situation” experiment identified secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized styles of infant attachment.
Mary Ainsworth
The stage where infants learn through senses and actions and begin to understand object permanence.
Sensorimotor stage
The psychosocial stage (Erikson) for ages 0–1 that centers on the conflict between trust and its opposite.
Trust vs. mistrust
The biological process during adolesence when the body becomes sexually mature.
Puberty
The first two weeks after conception make up this prenatal stage.
Germinal stage (Weeks 1–2)
According to Harlow’s monkey experiments, babies prefer this quality from caregivers over just the provision of food.
Comfort / physical contact / security (cloth mother)
Piaget’s term for the mental frameworks children use to categorize and interpret information.
Schemata (schemas)
Baumrind’s parenting style characterized by high warmth and clear rules; linked to positive outcomes.
Authoritative
The part of the brain that continues developing into the early 20s and is important for judgment and impulse control.
Frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex)
Name one teratogen that can affect pregnancy and fetal development
Alcohol, smoking, drugs, radiation, viruses.
Name the attachment style: a child who is very upset when the caregiver leaves, seeks comfort upon return but also resists it.
Resistant (also called ambivalent) attachment
This happens when a child changes an existing schema or creates a new one after learning that old ideas do not work.
Accommodation
Name the two temperament types
Easy (positive mood, adaptable) — support with gradual challenge and praise; Difficult (strong reactions) — support with predictable routines and explicit emotion-coaching.
What is the age of “emerging adulthood”
Emerging adulthood = ~18 to mid-20s
Give two newborn reflexes mentioned and their functions.
Rooting (turn toward cheek touch), Sucking (suck on object), Grasping (cling to objects), Moro (startle reflex — spread arms then pull in)
This parenting style is warm but has few rules or limits.
Permissive parenting
At what Piagetian stage do children begin to think logically about concrete events and understand conservation?
Concrete operational stage
Knowing who you are, which begins when children recognize themselves in a mirror at about 18 months.
Self-concept
Explain the distinction between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence in one sentence.
Fluid = processing speed/problem-solving; Crystallized = knowledge from experience (vocabulary, facts).
Which sense is the least developed in new borns
Sight
This attachment style shows little distress when a caregiver leaves and avoids them when they return.
avoidant attachment
How does adolescents’ thinking becomes more advanced?
Adolescents gain capacity for abstract, hypothetical reasoning and improved processing speed
This school-age stage focuses on learning skills and feeling competent at work or school (Erickson).
Industry vs. Inferiority?
Name the 5 stages of grief?
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Describe two symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome
Physical — small head size/abnormal facial features; Cognitive — poor judgment, impulse control, learning issues