Erikson's Challenges
This is the psychosocial crisis experienced during adolescence
What is identity vs. role confusion?
This stage involves pleasure centered on the mouth.
What is the oral stage?
This is Piaget’s term for the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
What is object permanence?
In this level, moral decisions are based on avoiding punishment.
What is the preconventional level?
According to Adler, this child is often responsible and achievement-oriented.
Who is the firstborn?
The successful resolution of this stage in late adulthood results in wisdom.
What is integrity vs. despair?
This is the name for a young boy’s desire for his mother and rivalry with his father.
What is the Oedipus complex?
This is the final stage, marked by abstract and hypothetical thinking.
What is the formal operational stage?
This stage is characterized by a “good boy/good girl” orientation.
What is stage 3 of moral development?
This birth order position often results in being competitive and a peacemaker.
Who is the middle child?
This is the virtue achieved when a child successfully navigates initiative vs. guilt.
What is purpose?
This period of psychosexual calm precedes the genital stage.
What is the latency stage?
In this stage, children begin using symbols but struggle with logic.
What is the preoperational stage?
In this stage, obedience is based on rewards and self-interest.
What is stage 2: individualism and exchange?
Adler believed that this shapes personality more than genetics.
What is social interest and family dynamics?
This stage focuses on the conflict between care and stagnation.
What is generativity vs. stagnation?
This defense mechanism might emerge if anxiety occurs during the phallic stage.
What is repression?
This first stage includes reflexive reactions and development of sensory experiences.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
At this stage, laws are seen as important, even if they seem unfair.
What is stage 4: law and order?
Adler emphasized that this type of parenting can lead to dependency or rebellion.
What is overindulgence or pampering?
This early stage determines whether a child feels the world is a safe place.
What is trust vs. mistrust?
This structure of personality operates on the pleasure principle.
What is the id?
The understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape.
What is conservation?
Kohlberg based much of his theory on responses to this moral dilemma.
What is the Heinz dilemma?
According to Adler, siblings influence each other through these relationships.
What is sibling rivalry and modeling?