Sigmund Freud
This term describes the theory developed by Sigmund Freud that focuses on unconscious thoughts, childhood experiences, and inner conflicts.
What is psychoanalytical?
In this stage, preschoolers (3-6 year olds) are often seen talking to their stuffed animals as if they were real people.
What is Initiative vs Guilt?
This stage is when children start thinking logically about concrete events but still have trouble with abstract ideas.
What is the concrete operations stage?
This psychological framework, developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, outlines how individuals progress through a series of stages in understanding right and wrong, moving from obedience-based reasoning to principled ethical thinking.
What is the moral developmental theory?
This therapeutic approach uses toys, games, and creative activities to help children express emotions, resolve conflicts, and develop coping skills in a safe, supportive environment.
What is play therapy?
This part of the personality represents the reality component of the mind. It helps people judge reality accurately, regulate impulses, and make good decisions.
What is the ego?
In this stage, toddlers begin asserting independence by doing things like choosing clothes or saying “no,” helping them build confidence and self-control.
What is Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt?
In this stage children begin to use language and engage in pretend play, but struggle with understanding other perspectives.
What is the preoperational stage?
A person in this stage of moral development seeks to maintain relationships and gain social approval by conforming to societal expectations of being a “good” person.
What is the good boy-nice girl orientation stage?
When providing client care, nurses must do this first in order to ensure they provide client care that aligns with professional standards and moral principles.
What is identify their own moral reasoning?
In this stage, typically occurring from ages 6 to 12, Freud believed that sexual impulses are repressed while children focus on school, friendships, and developing social skills.
What is the latency stage?
To be successful in this stage, Erikson believed that infants require a consistent caregiver who is available to meet their needs.
What is Trust vs Mistrust?
This is the final stage where individuals develop the ability to think about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.
What is the formal operations stage?
This stage emphasizes maintaining social order by obeying laws and fulfilling duties, even when personal interests conflict with societal rules.
What is the social contract orientation stage?
If a nurse cannot respect a client's wants or beliefs, then the nurse should do this.
What is request a change in assignment?
This part of Freud’s personality structure is present from birth, operates on the pleasure principle, and seeks immediate gratification of basic drives and instincts.
What is the id?
In this final stage of Erikson’s theory, older adults reflect on their life experiences and either feel a sense of fulfillment and wisdom or struggle with regret and dissatisfaction.
What is Integrity vs Despair?
This is the stage where infants learn about the world through their senses and actions and develop schemas.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
In this post-conventional stage, individuals recognize that laws are social contracts that should promote the greatest good, and they may challenge laws that are unjust, as seen in civil rights movements.
What is the universal ethical principal orientation stage?
This controversial Freudian concept describes a young girl’s unconscious desire for her father and rivalry with her mother, typically emerging during the phallic stage of development.
What is the Electra Complex?
Freud proposed that this unconscious process causes boys to feel desire for their mother and rivalry with their father during the phallic stage.
What is the oedipus complex?
A hospitalized teen who struggles to explore personal interests and connect with peers may face this psychosocial challenge, which Erikson described as central to adolescence.
What is Identity vs Role Confusion?
Before performing invasive or intrusive procedures on a school-aged child, the nurse should do this.
This stage is characterized by moral reasoning based on avoiding punishment, where actions are judged as wrong if they lead to punishment, regardless of intent.
What is the punishment and obedience orientation stage?
This concept, created by William Perry, describes how adults evolve from viewing knowledge as a set of absolute truths to understanding it as contextual, eventually learning to evaluate and apply knowledge based on personal values and critical thinking.
What is the adult cognitive development theory?