Freud, Bowlby and Bandura
Freud believed that
childhood experiences and unconscious desires influenced behaviour.
Erikson's eight-stage theory of psychosocial development
describes growth and change throughout life, focusing on social interaction and conflicts that arise during different stages of development.
Vygotsky believed
that children learn actively and through hands-on experiences.
Behavioural theories
focus on how environmental interaction influences behaviour.
Cognitive theory is
concerned with the development of a person's thought processes.
According to Freud's psychosexual theory,
child development occurs in a series of stages focused on different pleasure areas of the body.
Erikson believed
that social interaction and experienced played decisive roles in child development.
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
suggested that parents, caregivers, peers and the culture at large were responsible for developing higher-order functions.
Behavioural theories
deal only with observable behaviours.
Cognitive theory also
Looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world.
Bowlby believed that
early relationships with caregivers play a major role in child development and continue to influence social relationships throughout life.
According to Erikson,
development occurs across the entire lifespan.
Through interacting with others,
learning becomes integrated into an individual's understanding of the world.
Behavioural theory differs considerably from other child development theories because
it focuses purely on how experience shapes who we are.
Piaget proposed an idea that
children think differently than adults.
Bowlby's attachment theory suggested that
children are born with an innate need to form attachments.
During each stage,
people are faced with a developmental conflict that impacts later functioning and further growth.
The zone of proximal development is
the gap between what a person can do with help and what they can do on their own.
Development is considered
a reaction to rewards, punishments, stimuli and reinforcement.
Piaget proposed four stages of development. These are
sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage.
Bandura suggest that
by observing the actions of others, including parents and peers, children develop new skills and acquire new information.
With the help of more knowledgeable others
that people are able to progressively learn and increase their skills and scope of understanding.