Theorists (1)
The small amount of mental activity that humans are aware of.
What is the CONSCIOUS?
This crisis occurs in infancy in Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development.
What is TRUST vs. MISTRUST?
This is the means by which we draw upon our past experiences in order to use this information in the present.
What is MEMORY?
A box used in experimental training or conditioning rats was named after this strict behaviourial psychologist.
Who was B.F. SKINNER?
This psychosocial theorist emphasized developmental change throughout the human lifespan [whereas Freud argued that our basic personality is shaped in the first five years of life].
Who is ERIKSON?
This term refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally produces a behaviour.
What is CLASSICAL CONDITIONING? (neutral stimulus = tone; unconditioned stimulus = food)
Another name for Instrumental Conditioning.
What is OPERANT CONDITIONING?
Many considered this theorist to be the “father of psychology.” (psychoanalysis)
Who was Sigmund Freud?
This Swiss psychologist's four stage cognitive development theory states that children actively construct their understanding of the world.
Who is PIAGET?
The neutral stimulus becomes this after training the animal. (e.g., dog)
What is a CONDITIONED STIMULUS?
This occurs when individuals adjust to new information.
What is ACCOMMODATION?
Freud's fourth stage between approximately 6 years of age and puberty.
What is the LATENT STAGE?
The Little Albert experiment was a controlled experiment showing empirical evidence of classical conditioning in humans.
The study also provides an example of this concept.
What is STIMULUS GENERALIZATION?
A method of learning where the consequences of a response determine the probability of a response being repeated.
What is OPERANT CONDITIONING?
Individuals acquire this virtue in the Late Adulthood stage of "Integrity vs. Despair."
What is WISDOM?
This person's theory suggests that human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges.
Who is FREUD?
Piaget's first stage of development where the infant constructs an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions. (Age: birth to about 2 years)
What is SENSORIMOTOR STAGE?
This theorist claimed that we are born with four elementary mental functions: Attention, Sensation, Perception, and Memory.
Who is VYGOTSKY?
A fancy phrase that refers to how a person's individual needs mesh with the needs or demands of society.
What is PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT?
The ID is part of this.
What is the UNCONSCIOUS MIND?
In classical conditioning, THIS occurs when the conditioned stimulus is applied repeatedly without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
Over time, the learned behavior occurs less often and eventually stops altogether, and the conditioned stimulus returns to neural.
What is [stimulus] EXTINCTION?
Piaget's term when individuals incorporate new information into their existing knowledge.
What is ASSIMILATION?
In Freud's theory, our personality is made up of three parts.
What are the ID, EGO, & SUPEREGO?
Vygotsky's term for the range of tasks too difficult for a child to master alone but that can be learned with the guidance and assistance of adults or more-skilled children.
What is the ZONE of PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT? (ZPD)
This concept is closely linked to the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development. It means changing the level of support over the course of a teaching session.
What is SCAFFOLDING? (Vygotsky)