Piaget
The ability to mentally represent the world makes what kind of play possible
Make believe play
Children use this when tasks are challenging or confusing to guide their next move
Private speech
A powerful source of development according to Bandura's social learning theory
Modeling
Both Erickson and Freud emphasized the importance of this relationship during feeding
parent-infant
According to B.F Skinner’s operant conditioning theory, this can increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior
rewards or punishments
The way Piaget believed children acquire knowledge and skills
Their own exploration and interactions with the environment
The way Vygotsky believed children acquire knowledge and skills
social interaction
The type of learning displayed by a teenager who wears the same styles as their friends
observational
The three parts of the psychosexual self
Id, ego, superego
This theorist emphasized natural selection and survival of the fittest in his theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
The reason children talk to themselves during the preoperational stage according to Piaget
Egocentrism
The reason children talk to themselves or use private speech according to Vygotsky
Self-guidance
The time that modeling is most influential
Early years
This part of the psychosexual self develops as young children are taught social expectations, morals, and values
superego
the central idea of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory
all relationships are bidirectional
During this stage infants and toddlers "think" with their eyes, ears, and hands
Sensorimotor
A range of tasks that a child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of more skilled partners
The zone of proximal development
attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation are the elements of this theory
Social learning theory
Infants only have this part of the psychosexual self
Id
Ivan Pavlov discovered this by teaching dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell by pairing it with the presentation of food.
Classical conditioning
Cognitive development happens through these three activities
Adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation
Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit a child's current performance level
Scaffolding
These responses are increased when children have helpful generous models
Prosocial
Habits such as cigarette smoking, thumb sucking, constant gum chewing, etc, are caused by a fixation with this stage
Oral
John Locke's theory that we are all born with unlimited potential
Tabula Rasa