Deviance
What is deviance?
Any behavior that violates social norms
Larceny, car theft, and vandalism are all considered THIS type of crime
Which theory suggests that people who commit deviant acts have weak ties to the community?
Control theory
This component of America's criminal justice system has the most immediate control over an arrest
Police
Besides police and corrections, what other component makes up the American criminal justice system?
Courts
A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society is called
a stigma
Provide 2 examples of victimless crime
Gambling, prostitution, illegal drug use, public drunkenness
This theory of deviance takes the stance that deviant behavior is the result of competition and social inequality among society members.
Conflict Theory
What is the term for a police officer's ability to determine who actually gets arrested?
discretionary power
This more recently identified type of crime includes attacks motivated by bias
Hate crimes
What are crimes committed in legitimate or professional jobs with the intent of personal gain or to benefit a business called?
This type of deviance, most notably included in the labeling theory, results in an individual being labeled as deviant and accepting that it’s true
Secondary deviance
What are the sanctions used to punish criminals officially called?
Corrections
What (4) factors typically play into a police officer's decision to make an arrest?
Seriousness of the crime, victim's wishes, suspect's attitude, presence of bystanders
Some theorists explain deviance using THIS theory that claims people accept "a deviant" as their master status and therefore continue committing deviant acts
Labeling theory
This is the word for repeated criminal behavior or the tendency of a convicted criminal to commit another crime
Recidivism
Edwin Sutherland proposed the Cultural Transmission theory to explain deviance, which is based on the proportion of interactions an individual has with deviant versus nondeviant people, aka...
differential association
What's the term for the legal negotiation in which the accused person can plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence?
Plea bargaining
What's the term for the situation that happens when the norms of society are unclear or no longer applicable, thus leading some to deviant behavior?
Anomie
Unifying a society, clarifying social norms, encouraging social change, & providing jobs
This is a large scale organization of professional criminals that controls a vice or business to make a lot of money
Besides conformity, name the 4 other (deviant) ways individuals may react to a societal expectation according to the Strain Theory:
Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion
Describe TWO of the four purposes the corrections system serves
What was the 1960s policy that moved mental health patients out of state-run "insane asylums" and into federally funded, community mental health centers (short term)
Deinstitutionalization