KK1 - The sociological concept of deviance
KK2 - Functionalist theory
KK3 - Social Control Theory
KK4 - Labelling theory
KK5 - Positive Deviance
100
The actions considered to be outside a society's understood and accepted standards of behaviour, or more formally, the violation of social norms.
What is deviance?
100
Society is viewed as a system; a set of interconnected parts which together form a whole.
What is the functionalist perspective of society?
100
An individual's lack of strong and stable attachments to others within society which means people are more likely to deviate from social norms.
What are weak bonds?
100
A sociological theory which suggests that no stratus or behaviour is inherently deviant until other people have judged it and categorised it as so.
What is labelling?
100
Any action that deviates from social norms but has beneficial effects or outcomes for the individual and/or society.
What is positive deviance?
200
A society's reaction to a deviant behaviour, it can be positive or negative.
What is a sanction?
200
Affirmation of society's cultural norms and values, clarification of society's moral boundaries, unification of others in society, promoting social change.
What are the four functions of deviance Durkheim identified?
200
Attachment, commitment, involvement, belief in social values
What are the four core bonds Hirschi identified as helping to reduce the risk of deviancy?
200
When a person behaves in a way that matches a label they may have been given, thus reinforcing that label.
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
200
An action that is performed to help a person or group without reward or acknowledgement. For example, Malala Yousafzai risking her personal safety to continue advocating for girl's education.
What is altruism?
300
People who do not comply with the general norms set out by society.
Who are non-conformists?
300
It is a normal and necessary part of any society because it contributes to the social order.
What is Durkheim's view of deviance?
300
Deviant behaviour occurs because of inadequate inner personal restraint and a lack of outer social control.
Why does deviance occur according to social control theorists?
300
Being disgraced based on a particular quality or circumstance.
What is stigma?
300
A compelling attractiveness or personal charm that sets an individual apart from others. Malcolm X, a civil rights movement leader is an example.
What is charisma?
400
These aim to discourage behaviours through punishment.
What is a negative sanction?
400
Four
How many functions of deviance in society did Durkheim identify?
400
Refers to an individual's investment of time and energy in conventional behaviour. This includes time and energy spent on education, working towards socially acceptable goals and hobbies.
What is commitment?
400
1st - Deviant behaviour that breaches social norms is observed
2nd - Social reaction based on biases occurs
3rd - The behaviour is labelled as deviant by observers
4th - 'Deviant' status can lead to self fulfilling prophecy
5th - The potential for an ongoing cycle of deviance develops.
What process does Becker's labelling theory follow?
400
The process of introducing new ideas or methods that deviate from established norms or traditions. Nikolas Tesla who worked on the adaptive current and patented the Tesla coil is an example of this.
What is innovation?
500
Because it varies according to time, space, age, social status and social group.
Why is deviance considered relative?
500
When a neutral behaviour like dog breeding is viewed as acceptable when performed in line with RSPCA principles but is shown to cross a moral boundary when animals are neglected or exploited, leading to community outrage and penalties against breeders.
What is an example of the process of boundary clarification?
500
Refers to holding shared values about what is important in life, resulting in agreement and the reduction of deviancy.
What is the bond 'belief in social values'?
500
Stigma and the self-fulfilling prophecy.
What responses to labelling are there?
500
Are inherent traits or qualities that an individual is born with. Anne Hathaway's face is an example of this.
What is an innate characteristic?