Vocabulary
The buying or selling of church positions
Simony
Muhammed
Free of corrupt control of lords and bishops.
Cluniac Reforms
The bubonic plague epidemic that killed more than a third of Europe’s population in the fourteenth century
Black Death
Cathedrals contain the chair of the bishop, symbolizing his teaching authority and power, and serve as a symbol of unity for the people in a given diocese.
True
The final purification of all who die in God's grace and friendship
Purgatory
Showed the reasonableness of faith and defended human intelligence as a prelude to faith.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Instructions were given in the vernacular.
Fourth Lateran Council Reforms
The period of French control of the papacy in Avignon, France from 1309 to 1377 when the papacy was under the control of the French king.
Babylonian Captivity
St. Thomas Aquinas worked at bridging natural philosophy with theology and forming it into one integrated system of thought.
False
Albigensian
Nicknamed Hellbrand
Pope Gregory VII
Moved to eradicate simony and lay investiture.
Gregorian Reforms
Flight to Medina
Hegira
The French – caught in a war with the English – were especially enraged by the Avignon papacy, maintaining that the pope was just another political agent of the English government.
False
A prophet by those of the Muslim faith.
Muhammed
Charles the Great
Charlemagne
Banned lay election of bishops or the pope.
Gregorian Reforms
Students at these institutions controlled the corporation by hiring or firing teachers and determing the curriculum.
Southern Universities
The Black Death had devastating consequences for the clergy who, by ministering directly to the suffering masses, suffered huge losses, with whole monasteries wiped out.
True
Blood relations gaining positions in the church or job.
Nepotism
She argued that from the See of Peter, Pope Gregory XI could better help Christians in the aftermath of the Black Death and be an impartial broker for peace between England and France.
St. Catherine of Siena
Free elections of abbots and was only answerable to the Pope.
Cluniac Reforms
A compromise reached in the __________ addressed the question of lay investiture by declaring that the emperor would invest a bishop with the temporal sign of the office—a scepter—but only churchmen received permission to invest him with spiritual signs—a ring and staff.
Concordat of Worms
Papal primacy triumphed over conciliarism at the Council of Basel in 1449.
True