Basic Chemistry
What is a Cation ?
A positively charged ion
What type of clay is MI-Gel ?
Sodium Montmorillonite
What is CaCO3
Calcium Carbonate - Inert Solid used for bridging, weight and LCM
What do we use a Fann 35 viscometer for ?
6 speed readings and Gel strengths
What would I use barite for ?
Increasing fluid density
What ions do acids add to a solution ?
H+
For charged layered clays, the large basal plains carry which type of charge?
Negative
What is NaOH ?
Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide)
What is the definition of plastic viscosity ?
Resistance to flow of a fluid due to mechanical or frictional forces
What would I use PolyPAC UL for ?
Reduce fluid loss in wbm
What is "hard" water ?
Water with a high concentration of Mg++ and Ca++ ions
T or F. Illites and chlorites are highly swelling clays ?
False. They are minimally swelling but are prone to fracturing and dispersion
What is NaHCO3 ?
Sodium Bicarbonate
What is the definition of Yield Point ?
Resistance to flow of a fluid due to electrochemical forces
What would I use Duovis for ?
Low Shear Rate Viscosifier
Which 3 ions do the alkalinity tests check for ?
OH-, CO3--, HCO3-
Name the 4 states of clay
Aggregated, Dispersed, Flocculated, Deflocculated
What is Na2CO3 ?
Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate)
At what time intervals do we measure gel strengths and which type of gel strength is preferable ?
10s, 10m, 30m
Fragile
What would I use Caustic Soda for ?
Increase pH in wbm
What is meant by the term "divalent cation" ?
A double positively charged ion (such as Ca++)
What does CEC stand for and what does it represent?
Cationic exchange capacity. Determines the reactivity of the clay based on the amount of cations it has available for exchange.
What is Ca(OH)2 ?
Lime (Calcium Hydroxide)
Which viscosity type do we pay the most attention to with regard to hole cleaning ?
LSRV - Low Shear Rate Viscosity
LSRYP - Low Shear Rate Yield Point
What would I use Gypsum for ?
CO2 treatment or to add Ca++