PCR, gel electrophoresis
Polymorphisms
Genetic info transfer
Bacterial transformation
Research project
100
What does PCR stands for?
Polymerase chain reaction
100
Which nonsynonymous mutation changes a codon to a stop codon?
Nonsense
100
What is the name of the step that turns DNA into pre-mRNA and what synthesizes RNA from DNA?
Transcription
RNA polymerase
100
What allows the GFP gene to glow in Experiment 3?
sugar (arabinose)
100
These domains found in ACR proteins regulate activity by binding small molecules.
ACT domains
200
What’s DNA’s charge and which way does it travel?
Negative (phosphates), positive
200
cDNA are shorter than gDNA…WHY?
cDNA only include exons
gDNA include both exons and introns
200
Name one stop codon
UAA/UGA/UAG
U Are Annoying/U Go Away/U Are Gone :,(
200
Plate with media Colony count
LB Lawn
LB + Hygro 275
LB + Tet 350
LB + Amp 0
What antibiotics are the bacteria resistant to? Select all that apply.
Hygro, Tet
200
This method was used to amplify ACR genes for cloning in the study.
PCR
300
Use of Taq Polymerase in PCR reaction
For amplification of DNA sequences
300
Explain difference between Synonymous, nonsynonymous, and Nonsense.
Synonymous: same amino acid
Nonsynonymous: different amino acid
Nonsense: stop
300
This is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
codon
300
What would happen if you took some of the E. coli bacteria from the 'LB + ampicillin plate' and spread the bacteria on a new plate with 'LB + ampicillin + galactose'? (alive/dead & glow/no glow)
The bacteria will be alive but won't glow under UV light.
300
If you use MUSCLE to align multiple DNA sequences, what does a "*" (astrisk) represent at the bottom of a column?
All the nucleotides are the same at this position.
400
What step of PCR involves the separation of DNA strands and what temperature does it require. What is the enzyme involved in PCR?
Denaturation, 98C, DNA polymerase
400
The mRNA sequence "AUC UAC AGC GAA UAG" codes for the amino acids "I-T-S-G-Stop". The third codon has a SNP mutation that changes the third nucleotide 'C' to an 'A': AGC --> AGA (changing the protein to A) What type of mutation would this be?
Nonsynonymous -missense
400
What type of RNA serves as a link for growing amino acid chain?
Transfer-RNA/tRNA
400
Why is GFP conditional?
The GFP promoter is conditional because of a transcription factor (regulates gene expression).
In the case of GFP, there is a repressor that blocks transcription of the GFP gene.
However, arabinose binds to this repressor, changing its shape and causing it to be unable to bind to the promoter anymore. This frees up the promoter, allowing RNA polymerase to bind and create mRNA for expression.
400
What environmental signal in smoke triggers seed germination in many plant species?
Karrikins
500
What are the 3 steps of PCR (and what do you do in them)?
3 steps of PCR: DAE
Denaturation:
Heat breaks the hydrogen bonds in a DNA to separate the strands
Annealing:
Primers bind to single stranded DNA
Remember: primers are short DNA used to identify/stick to the specific gene in a DNA to amplify it
Extension:
DNA polymerase go through the single strands of the marked DNA and turn in into double strand
500
What volumes of stock and water are needed to make 250 mL of a 50 mM solution starting with 125 mM stock? Answer in Liter.
0.1 L of stock, 0.15 L of water
500
Position: 123456789
|||||||||
Sequence1:ACGTGACCG
Sequence2:ACCTGACCG
Sequence3:ACGAGACCG
Sequence4:ACATGA--Gwhere is a SNP present? where is an 'Indel' present?
SNP:
Position 4, All 4 Sequences
Position 3, All 4 Sequences
Indel:
Position 7, Sequence 4
Position 8, Sequence 4
500
After incubation of the plates, why do we put them at 4 degree Celsius?
to stop bacterial growth
500
What plant receptor is primarily responsible for detecting karrikins?
KAI2