Chapter 2
Periodontium: Anatomic Characteristics and Host Response
Periodontium: Anatomic Characteristics and Host Response
Which bone is more dense, cancellous, or compact?
Compact
Calculus is associated with periodontal disease and is an etiologic agent.
a. both statements are true
b. the first statement is true, the second statement is false
c. the first statement is false, the second statement is true
d. both statements are false
b. the first statement is true, the second statement is false
*calculus is NOT an etiologic agent in periodontal disease
Accumulation of microbes (mainly consisting of bacteria), found on surfaces of teeth/solid oral structures and are not easily removed.
What is dental plaque biofilms?
This is formed by the deposition of calcium and phosphate salts present in bacterial plaque.
What is calculus
What local factors can contribute to gingivitis?
Crowded teeth, restorations, and orthodontic appliances-
these factors do not *cause* gingivitis, but they make it very difficult to keep these areas free of plaque that induces gingivitis
An opening or window in the bone covering the facial surface of a root.
Fenestration
These studies compare individuals with the disease and those without the disease.
a. cohort
b. cross-sectional
c. incidence
d. case control
d. case control
Three classifications of bacteria based on their shape, also known as morphotypes.
What are cocci, bacilli, and Spirochetes
The main crystal type in calculus?
What is hydroxyapatite
What is the most common form of gingivitis in the population?
Plaque-associated gingivitis,
and it seems to be related to the amount of plaque on the teeth and the length of time it has been there
What is the deepest level of the oral epithelium?
Stratum Basale
The Volpe-Manhold Index scoring system measures ____.
a. subgingival calculus only
b. supragingival calculus only
c. both supra and subgingival calculus
d. none of the above
b. supragingival calculus only
Gram-negative bacteria associated with halitosis.
What is Porphyromonas gingivalis
Attachment to the tooth surface occurs in relationship to bacterial plaque biofilm.
What is acquired pellicle
What condition is thought to be immune-related and presents with a lacy, white appearance?
Lichen-planus-
may be reticular form with lacy, white lines called Wickham’s striae or could be erosive form which causes red, ulcerated, painful lesions; erosive form has the potential to transform into squamous cell carcinoma
What is included in the periodontium? (there are 4 things)
Gingiva,
Periodontal ligament,
Cementum and
Alveolar Bone
The Periodontal Disease Index of Ramfjord (PDI) studies which teeth?
a. #3, #9, #12, #19, #25, #28
b. #3, #8 #14, #21, #27, #30
c. all teeth in the adult dentition
d. #2, #5, #8, #20, #24, #28
a. #3, #9, #12, #19, #25, #28
Bacteria requiring oxygen for growth
What are aerobes?
Light calculus formers have a higher level of this in their saliva
Pyrophosphate
What is the most common disease in humans that is easy to treat and control?
Gingivitis
What are the 5 principal fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament? ** Double points if you can name the most significant fiber group
Apical, Interradicular, Oblique, Horizontal, Alveolar Crest. *** Oblique
When measuring tooth mobility, having a score of 4 means:
a. there is greater than 3mm of movement in any direction, or the tooth is depressible in the pocket
b. there is greater than 1mm of movement in any direction, or the tooth is depressible in the pocket
c. there is significant movement and the tooth can be rotated in the socket
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
*the scale is only 0-3 when measuring for tooth mobility
Bacterial species that do not require oxygen to grow
What are anaerobes
The amount of time it takes plaque to become 90% mineralized.
What is 12 days
What is Erosion?
Erosion occurs when there is loss of enamel and dentin due to the presence of acid- most often caused by acid reflux or bulimia