Program Planning
Define Health Literacy
The capacity of an individual to obtain, interpret and understand health information and services.
Define Senescence, gerontology and geriatrics.
Senescence
•Normal physiologic process of growing old.
•Process takes place at various rates in an individual’s life.
Gerontology
•Factors affecting the normal aging process and the effects of aging.
•Looks at many factors that affect the process of aging.
Geriatrics
•Branch of medicine focused on illnesses of old age and their treatment.
What is the difference between a developmental and an acquired disability?
Developmental:
•Group of conditions with impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavioral areas.
•Diagnosed before the age of 22 years.
Acquired:
•Disabilities present after birth, which can be traceable to disease or trauma
Define homelessness.
Homelessness describes the situation of an individual or family without stable, permanent, appropriate housing, or the immediate prospect, means and ability of acquiring it.
What is the difference between an immigrant and a refugee?
Immigrant – someone prepared and chooses to move to another country. It is planned. Choose to depart homeland legally to establish permanent residence in another country in hopes of better opportunities.
Refugee – forced to flee home country because of fear of persecution for beliefs, politics or ethnicity. Also war, famine and political turmoil. Life is in danger/leave in a short period of time. No preparation.
Who is the patient in program planning?
The community
List some communication techniques for patients with dementia?
•Short words and short simple sentences
•Begin each conversation by identifying yourself, call the person by name
•Speak slowly and say individual words clearly
•Maintain direct eye contact
•Maintain a kind facial expression
•Touch patient on the arm for reassurance
•Decrease environmental stimuli
Affordability
Communication
Physical/transportation
State 3 Barriers to care for the homeless.
•Lack of money or insurance
•Financial – limited coverage by provincial gov’t
•Refusal of care
•Limits of charitable dentistry
•Insufficient numbers of dentists to meet needs
•Limited capacity of dental professionals
•Cultural and linguistic barriers
•Patient beliefs
•High level of dental anxiety
•Chaotic lifestyle
•Distrust
What are some barriers to oral health care that the Immigrant Population may face?
Poverty
Uninsured
Lack of culturally competent healthcare personnel
Belief and values (value placed on OH practices, preventive oral care)
Language barriers
Difficulties understanding Canada’s health system
Past experiences
Fear
Prejudice or discrimination
Explain the Health Belief Model.
- This model looks at the individual perceptions of threats of disease
- Based on the theory that behaviors are directed by perceptions and beliefs.
ex. your patient’s perceptions about periodontitis – your patient needs to recognize the threat. They don’t want to get the disease – it’s going to negatively affect the quality of their life.
Why are children considered to be vulnerable?
Because they rely on others to ensure their needs are being met.
How do you include caregivers in your appointment?
•Have realistic recommendations for caregivers.
•Let caregiver and pt know if you’re running late – caregiver has spent time preparing pt for appt and running late may affect them.
•Ask the caregiver questions that can help you
What are the four types of homelessness?
Chronic
Transitional
Episodic
Hidden
What are the challenges for DH working with Immigrant Populations?
•Language – explaining procedures, understanding client’s needs or concerns
•Health Histories
•Payment
•Being sensitive to cultural differences
•Informed consent
•Refugees may be more suspicious, less trusting
•Fear of authority figures due to suffering in their homeland caused by people in power.
•Suspicious and fearful of expressing problems to dental staff.
Explain the Theory of Reasoned Action.
This theory states that an individual’s behaviors are determined by intentions to perform the behavior.
ex. reducing sugar intake will help reduce decay and that retaining natural teeth is important.
Define early childhood caries.
•Dental caries can and does occur in infants and toddlers well before 3 years of age.
•ECC involves 1 or more decayed, missing (due to caries) or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a preschool-aged child.
What steps can you take to help prepare patients with disabilities for their appointments?
•Each team member will have unique role.
•Welcome package
•Health History – in advance
•Social story
•Preparing the dental office
•Initial meet and greet
List 4 oral health needs/barriers for the incarcerated population.
•Higher rates of infectious diseases
•Higher percentage of missing teeth
•Higher mean of decayed surfaces
•Higher prevalence of moderate and deep periodontal pockets
•Higher percentage of unmet dental needs
•Dental health problems are the second-most commonly reported health problem (following mental health)
What are some social issues affecting the indigenous population?
•Loss of culture and language
•Effects of residential school system
•Substance abuse
•Poor housing
•Low education
•Unemployment
•Abuse and violence
•Geographic location
•Health status – generally poor
What is Cultural Competence?
Cultural competence is a process that requires commitment to cultural awareness. Motivation to engage in cultural encounters. Gaining cultural knowledge and communication skills is ongoing. Professional responsibility.
List 4 barriers to care that children face?
Financial
Geographic
Lack of appropriate care providers
Socioeconomic status
etc. etc. etc.
What is the inclusion of people with disabilities into programs, activities, and facilities with their non-disabled peers?
Mainstreaming
What are some effective ways of communicating with people who are homeless or incarcerated?
Respect
Don’t treat them as if they were invisible
Empathy
Non-judgmental
Making time to listen
Don’t assume you know what they need
Remember they are human too
Treat them like any other human being
•Racism
•Culture
•Access to health information
•Approach of the health care provider
•Distrust