Diabetes
What differentiates type 1 from type 2?
Type 1 produces no insulin while type to produces some just not enough
What is hyperglycemia?
What is a big teaching thing for insulin injection sites?
Rotate sites with each injection
What is normal serum glucose levels for non diabetic?
70-110mg/dL
What is DKA?
Diabetic ketoacidosis. Inadequate insulin for the cells to obtain adequate glucose for normal metabolism. Body attempts to obtain energy by rapid breakdown of fat stores, releasing fatty acids into ketone bodies, which can serve as an energy source on the absence of glucose.
What is the primary pharmacological intervention used in the treatment of type 1 DM?
Insulin administration
What is hypoglycemia?
Lower than normal blood glucose. Below 70mg/dL
What are the types of insulin?
Rapid, short-acting, intermediate, long-acting
What is a non-diabetics HgbA1c?
4%-5.9%
DKA is most common with which type of DM?
Type 1
What is the main goal of treatment?
Maximize glycemic control
What are the labs that help diagnose DM?
HgbA1c, glucose tolerance, accu check, 2 hour post-prandial
What type of insulin can be given IV?
Regular
what should you do for someone hypoglycemic with no IV access and unable to swallow?
Glucagon IM
What is HHS?
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State. A serious metabolic derangement that occurs in pts with DM. Condition is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity and dehydration without significant ketoacidosis. Blood glucose level of 600mg/dL or greater.
What are the 3 Ps of diabetes?
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What should a well controlled diabetics HgbA1c be?
Below 7%
What are the ways insulin can be administered? (How, devices, etc.)
Syringe (subcutaneous), pen, pump, IV
What does prediabetes mean?
Warning sign for the development of type 2 DM.
What is the first treatment of DKA and HHS?
What are modifiable risks for type 2 DM?
BMI, physical inactivity
What are non-modifiable risks for type 2 DM?
First degree relative with DM, members of high risk ethnic population, women who delivered a baby greater than or equal to 9lbs or who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, hypertension, HgbA1c greater than or equal to 5.7% on previous testing, history of cardiovascular disease
Hand hygiene/gloves
Inject air into NPH
Inject air into regular
Withdraw regular
Verify with another nurse
Withdraw NPH
Verify with another nurse
Administer insulin
What are the types of DM?
Type 1, Type 2, Gestational
What causes DKA?
Intentional or unintentional missed or reduced doses of insulin, inadequate insulin due to increased insulin needs secondary to stress or infection, new onset of type 1 DM.