Terms
A disease characterized by the body's inability to sufficiently metabolize glucose
Diabetes Mellitus
A metabolic derangement that occurs principally in Type II diabetic patients; characterized by the following symptoms: Hyperglycemia, AMS, severe dehydration visual or sensory deficits, partial paralysis or muscle weakness, seizures.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) or Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma (HHNC)
Normal blood glucose level range
Approx. 60 to 120mg/dl
What is the type of diabetes that weight control and increased physical activity help prevent?
Type II Diabetes
Viral infections, infant diet and exposure to toxins are contributors to what?
Contributors to type I diabetes
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Type I Diabetes
Fruity odor to breath, nausea, vomiting, confusion, acidosis, fast and deep respirations. Three Ps
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
What is our drug of choice for lowering blood sugar?
500ml 0.9% NS Fluid Bolus
Prevention for Type 1 Diabetes
Full credit for 1, extra credit for 2
Don't be born with it (hereditary), don't get an infection that triggers an autoimmune disorder resulting in the body creating antibodies that incorrectly identify the body's own tissues or substances as foreign invaders to be destroyed (pancreatic destruction of beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans).
What are some factors that contribute to the development of type II diabetes?
Genetics, physical inactivity, stress, obesity
Insulin resistant or adult onset diabetes mellitus
Type II Diabetes
What are you smelling when a DKA patient has a fruity breath smell? Or what is the name for waste products from the body's breakdown of fat for energy?
Ketones
Glucose administration type for Adult, Pediatric and Neonates?
Adult D50
Pediatric D25
Neonate D10
What is the time frame recommended for daily physical activity?
30 minutes (but c'mon you can do more than that)
Who have the highest rates of DM and are at highest risk for DM?
African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders
Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in woman who did not have diabetes before pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes
What are 5 Symptoms of type I diabetes?
weight loss, muscle cramps, irritability, headaches, anxiety, abdominal pain, hyperglycemia/DKA (Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia)
Management for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Three steps, extra credit for #4
Airway Management, large bore IV access, 500ml 0.9% NS fluid bolus, in patients with a history of CHF or renal insufficiency - 250 ml fluid bolus may be more appropriate.
What is an example of a well-portioned meal?
chicken (protein), brown rice (grain), broccoli (vegetable), yogurt (calcium), mango (fruit)
Will also accept Mtn Dew and Dip (how does he not have diabetes?)
How many Americans have pre-diabetes?
Approx. 88 million people
An increased appetite caused by the inability of glucose to be transported across the cell membrane;
A significant thirst caused by dehydration brought about by an increase in diuresis;
The passage of large quantities of urine.
Polyphagia, Polydipsia and Polyuria
What are 5 symptoms of type II diabetes?
Frequent urination, thirst, blurred vision, frequent infections, unresponsiveness, seizures, trouble healing, cranky, confused, or shaky
Medication Administration for Hypoglycemia
IV access, Administer 0.9% NS flush to confirm IV patency, Administer 50% dextrose, 25% dextrose, or 10% dextrose according to local protocol while continuously monitoring patient's response, re-administer dextrose if needed in cases of severe hypoglycemia
What is the recommended daily portion of grains, vegetables, fruits, calcium, and protein?
6 oz of grains, 2 1/2 cups of vegetables, 2 cups of fruit, 3 cups of calcium rich foods, and 5 1/2 cups of protein daily.
Will also accept What Zach eats everyday
What group has the highest prevalence of Type II diabetes?
American Indians