Type 1 Diabetes
True or False: The pancreas makes little or no insulin
True
In type 2 diabetes, does the body make insulin?
The body makes insulin, but has trouble using it.
What is diabetes?
A disease in which the body does not properly use the carbohydrate content of the food you eat.
What are the general blood sugar ranges for before a meal, and two hours after a meal?
Before a meal is 80-130, two hours after a meal should be below 180.
What are the 3 types of insulin?
Fast-acting (15 minutes before meals *must check sugar)
Intermediate-acting
Long-acting insulin (once daily)
When does onset usually occur?
Before age 20, but can occur in adults
At what age does type 2 diabetes occur?
It can occur at any age, but more so after the age of 45.
What are the three types of diabetes?
If you blood sugar is 70 or below what should you do?
Eat a remedy food, wait 15 minutes and retake your blood sugar, repeat remedy food, after repeating twice, call for help. If blood sugar is near normal, and your next meal is more than an hour away, eat something.
What’s the rule for treating hypoglycemia?
15-15 rule (15g carbs, recheck in 15 min)
Are most type 1 diabetics normal weight or overweight?
Most are normal weight.
Does type 2 diabetes usually have a slow or fast onset?
It usually has a fast onset.
How is diabetes usually diagnosed? (types of blood tests)
The most common tests are fasting glucose, or A1C.
What a1c level indicates diagnosis of diabetes?
6.5%
Remember target when diagnosed is below 7.
What should you educate diabetic patients on?
Eat a variety of foods, eat at regular times with meds, be aware of your portions, limit sugar and salt, choose healthy fats, go for whole grains, limit processed foods. Exercise 3-4x a week for 30 minutes. Go to doctor regularly. Check sugar more frequently and stay hydrated when sick.
True or False: Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disease.
True
In type 2 diabetes, what can be found in the urine?
In type 2 diabetes, ketones are not usually found in the urine.
A fruity-smelling breath is a symptom of what diabetic emergency?
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
What does food, stress and illness do to the blood sugar?
Give 3 examples of high carbohydrate foods.
Potatoes, yams, peas, winter squash, plantains, legumes, dried beans, peas, lentils, rice, wheat, barley, fruit and fruit juices, milk, yogurt, syrups, jams and jellies, cakes and cookies, candy
How is type 1 diabetes managed? (Looking for multiple ways)
Healthy diet, exercise, self-management and medication like insulin (type 1 always uses insulin)
How is type 2 diabetes usually managed?
Type 2 diabetes is managed through healthy diet, exercise, self-management tools and medications such as insulin when necessary. First medication prescribed is usually metformin (oral).
What are some of the signs and symptoms of diabetes? Name the 3 Ps and a few more.
polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
Others: blurry vision, increased hunger or unintentional weight loss, cuts or sores that heal slowly, numbness or tingling of the feet, frequent infections
Symptoms of low blood sugar; Please name 5.
Being shaky, dizzy, weak, nervous, anxious, confused, heart pounding or beating faster, hunger, cold sweats, clammy, headache, blurred vision, nausea, irritability, numbness of fingers, lips, nose or mouth, confusion, slurred speech.
High blood sugar over a long time can damage which organs? Name two.
kidneys, eyes, nerves, and heart
** retinopathy and neuropathy especially present, look for wounds on feet and sight issues.