insulin basics
This type of diabetes requires insulin for survival
Type 1 diabetes
This oral drug is first line for Type 2 diabetes
Metformin
Mnemonic for symptoms of hypoglycemia
"cold and clammy, need some candy"
Amylin is secreted along with this hormone
Insulin
Glucagon
The only insulin that can be given IV
Regular insulin
The most serious adverse effect of metformin
lactic acidosis
Treatment for a conscious hypoglycemic patient
Amylin slows this process to prevent post-meal glucose spikes
gastric emptying
Route options for glucagon administration
Subcutaneous, IM, or IV
A complication from not rotating sites
Lipohypertrophy
metformin should be held before this type of test
IC contrast or CT scan
Treatment for an unconscious hypoglycemic patient
IV glucose or IM glucagon
The two main incretin hormones
GLP 1 and GIP
Common adverse effect of glucagon
nausea and vomiting
The primary complication of insulin therapy
Hypoglycemia
these drugs can increase the hypoglycemic effects of insulin
sulfonylureas, meglitinides, betablockers, alcohol
One medication that can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
beta blockers
Name one GLP 1 agonist (incretin mimetic)
Exenatide, liraglutide, or semaglutide
Primary goal after glucagon adminstration
Blood glucose >70 mg/dL
These two electrolyte imbalances may occur with insulin use
Hypoglycemia and hypokalemia
Two drugs that can increase blood glucose when used with insulin
Thiazide diuretics and glucocorticoids
Target blood glucose level after glucagon administration
>70 mg /dL
Difference between amylin mimetics and incretin mimetics
Mechanism of action of glucagon
Increase blood glucose by converting glycogen to glucose