Diabetes 1
Cool, clammy skin, shakiness, and headache are signs of what?
Hypoglycemia
Cause of DM II
Insulin resistance
Warm, dry skin and acetone breath are signs of what?
Hyperglycemia
The three types of diabetes
DM I, DM II, GDM
Cause of DM I
Damage to or destruction of beta cells of the pancreas leads to absence of insulin production
Where can a blood sample be obtained for a routine blood glucose test?
A finger stick
Routine lab blood samples
What is exogenous Insulin?
Insulin produced outside the body.
if your diabetic client has a change in condition (sudden or progressive) what should you do first
Check the blood sugar
What is endogenous insulin?
Insulin produced within the body.
How is insulin delivered to a type 1 diabetic?
Insulin shots administered into the sub-cutaneous tissue of the body.
What is part of a diabetic's treatment to help maintain a normal life?
Maintain a healthy weight
Exercise
Diet
Medication regime
When should a diabetic test their blood sugar?
before meals, before bed and as needed.
How is insulin delivered to a type 2 Diabetic?
Through their own pancreas secretions.
How long to wait to recheck a BS after an intervention for hypoglycemia
15 minutes
The type of carbohydrate should be included in a diabetics diet?
Complex Carbohydrates
What type of carbohydrate should be consumed by a diabetic and why?
Complex carbohydrates, because they take longer to digest, therefore minimize insulin spikes within the blood.
What nutritional management behaviors must be implemented to maintain a balanced macronutritious diet?
Monitoring carbohydrate, protein and fat intake.
How does oral medications help improve blood sugar levels?
Stimulates the pancreas to make more insulin.
Prevents the liver from releasing stored glucose
Helps the body use insulin more efficiently
Often times the first indicators that a client is diabetic (hint: 3 P's)
Polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urination, and polyphagia (excessive hunger)
Name two different types of insulin? (in perspective to time)
Rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting, long acting
The two macrovascular complications of diabetes
cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease
The three microvascular complications of diabetes
Kidney, nerve, and vision problems
Which of the following are hormones?
Insulin
Testosterone
Estrogen
All of them
What social activity has a major impact on blood sugar?
Consuming Alcohol
Two special considerations for diabetics when exercising
Adjusting insulin and bringing snacks