Pathophysiology
Which type of DM involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic βbeta cells causing absolute insulin deficiency
Type 1 DM
What are 3 oral agents commonly used for diabetes
What are Metformin, Glipizide, Jardiance, Farxiga, Januvia
Nursing Dx deals with wounds to feet or lower extremities, dfu
What is Impaired Skin/ Tissue Integrity
Proper Nutrition- low carb, high protein, vegetables, fruits
What is diet.
Vision changes related to uncontrolled diabetes
What is Retinopathy
Which type of DM involves peripheral insulin resistance paired with progressive βbeta cell dysfunction.
Type II DM
This insulin starts working in 15 mins, peaks in 1–3 hours, lasts 2–4 hours
What are Novolog/Aspart, Humalog/Lispro
Use can use this for labile blood sugars, hypo or hyperglycemia
Risk for unstable blood glucose
Moving the body as able to manage weight and blood sugars
What is exercise
Nerve damage related to uncontrolled diabetes
What is Neuropathy
The 4 P's of DM/ classic symptoms of hyperglycemia: frequent urination, excessive thirst, excessive hunger, & nerve damage.
What are Polyuria, Polydypsia, Polyphagia, Polyneuropathy.
This short-acting bolus- starts working in 30–60 mins, peaks in 2–4 hours, lasts 3–6 hours
What are Humulin R, Novolin R
Use this for pt with neuropathy and unsteady gait.
What is Risk for Injury
The process of losing body fat by proper nutrition/ caloric intake and exercise
What is weight loss
Kidney damage related to uncontrolled diabetes
What is Nephropathy
Type 1 & 2 complication is a critical metabolic emergency marked by hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketonemia. Rapid onset with potential for significant morbidity and mortality if unrecognized or untreated.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Intermediate-Acting (Basal)- Starts in 2–4 hours, peaks in 4–12 hours, lasts 12–18 hours
What is NPH
Use this for pt with circulation problems and hyperglycemia
Risk for Infection- why? high blood sugar impairs white blood cell function (reducing immune response), while poor blood flow prevents oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells from reaching tissues to heal wounds. This combination creates an environment where pathogens thrive and infections spread quickly.
Checking glucose ac & hs, usually
what is blood sugar monitoring regularly
What are Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Type 1 and Type 2 DM can both be well managed, and in some cases, this Type can go into remission with significant lifestyle changes.
What is Type 2 DM
This insulin is long-acting (Basal)- Starts working in several hours, works up to 24 hrs.
What is Lantus/Glargine, Levemir/Detemir, Basaglar.
Use this for obese pt with Type 2 DM, not on a weight loss plan
Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements
2 general types of medications used
What are oral agents and injectable meds- Insulin
Cardiac and circulatory issues related to uncontrolled diabetes
What are Stroke, MI, PAD, PVD