Diabetes Physiology
The following is characteristic of only Type 1 DM.
a. auto-antibodies
b. insulin resistance
c. hypoglycemia
d. insulin requiring
What is "auto-antibodies"?
Which best describes the main priorities of MNT for Type 1 DM?
a. weight loss & meal planning
b. meal planning that incorporates the individual's usual eating & exercise habits, followed by development of an insulin regimen
c. implementation of a 3 meal/day and 2 snack/day plan, tailored to the insulin regimen already established
d. adjustment of usual eating habits to reflect an even CHO distribution and initiation of regular exercise pattern, followed by development of insulin regimen
What is "meal planning that incorporates the individual's usual eating & exercise habits, followed by development of an insulin regimen"?
The cardiovascular system encompasses several condition affecting the heart and blood vessels. Name at least 4 of the 7 conditions.
What is "atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), hypertension (HTN), and heart failure"?
These cholesterol lowering medications have the potential to cause malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins and minerals.
What is "bile acid sequestrants"?
Positive nitrogen balance occurs in:
a. pregnant women
b. normal, healthy adults
c. an elderly person confined to a bed
d. starvation
What is pregnant women?
The best test to diagnose hypoglycemia is:
a. GTT
b. A1c
c. SMBG
d. fasting BG
What is "self-monitoring blood glucose"?
Your referral pt is a 52 y/o F with elevated glucose levels, dx with DM. Her fasting blood glucose level is 132 mg/dL. Her BMI is 28, which has increased from 25 over the pasts several months. She exercises 2-3x week for 15 minutes. What are some possible nutrition diagnoses (3) based on the above information?
What is "altered nutrition-related lab values, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity"?
The desirable total cholesterol range should be ___ mg/dL and the normal range for triglycerides should be ____ mg/dL.
What is "<200 mg/dL - desirable range for total cholesterol and < 150 mg/dL - normal range for triglycerides"?
Your pt is a 65 y/o M who was dx with heart disease. He lives alone and has limited cooking skills. He frequents fast food restaurants because they are within walking distance of his house. He is 20# overweight (BMI 26). Select an appropriate PES based on the information you have.
What is " Excessive energy intake related to frequent consumption of fast food as evidenced by BMI and diet history"?
1 out of every ____ deaths are from heart disease.
What is "4"?
The Hemoglobin A1C test reflects the ____ month average blood glucose level, reported as a percentage.
What is 2-3 months?
These are the specific guidelines for % calorie intake from carbohydrates according to the 2017 DM Standards of Care.
What is "NO specific recommendations" or "individualized"?
Name 2 modifiable risk factors and 1 nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
What is "modifiable risk factors include: DM, diet, dyslipidemia, elevated BP, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking; nonmodifiable risk factors include: male gender, older age, and race"?
The largest impact in LDL-C is seen when dietary saturated fat is replaced by ______.
What is "Polyunsaturated fatty acids or PUFA"?
**DAILY DOUBLE**
In a recent review, which common spice was found to be helpful in lowering both fasting glucose and cholesterol levels when taken in doses between 120mg - 6 grams?
What is cinnamon?
This pregnancy complication puts women at much higher risk of developing T2DM within 10 years.
What is "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)"?
This is the recommended beverage of choice for the low carb plate method.
What is "water or zero-calorie drink"?
The right atrium collects oxygen-rich blood delivered by what vessels?
What is the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava?
A review of the evidence by the AHA/ACC shows that a weight loss of ___ to ____ % can lead to clinically significant reduction in some CVD risk factors.
What is "3 to 5%"?
How many milligrams are found in just 1 teaspoon of sodium?
What is 2300 mg?
What is "Hgb A1C > 6.5%, fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL, postprandial glucose > 200 mg/dL, OGTT at 2 hours > 200 mg/dL, and random plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL in the presence of classic clinical symptoms"?
Name at least 4 symptoms of hyperglycemia.
What are "increased thirst, dry mouth or skin, fatigue, blurred vision, weakness, headache, frequent urination, increased infections"?
The ______ is a measure of heart contractility in HF, calculated by SV/end diastolic volume.
What is "ejection fraction"?
Fact: Normal EF is between 55-80%.
As part of MNT for HTN, the EAL recommends how many minutes of physical activity on most days of the week?
What is 30 minutes?
Name the 3 layers of the heart.
What is the "epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium"?