Diabetes Physiology
Auto-antibodies are associated with this type of diabetes.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
This is the recommended beverage of choice for the low carb plate method.
What is water OR zero-calorie drink?
The cardiovascular system encompasses several conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. List 4 of the 7 conditions.
What is atherosclerosis,
coronary artery disease (CAD),
heart failure,
hypertension (HTN),
myocardial infarction (MI),
peripheral artery disease (PAD), and
stroke?
These cholesterol lowering medications have the potential to cause malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins and minerals.
What is bile acid sequestrants?
How many milligrams of sodium are found in 1 teaspoon of salt?
What is 2,300 mg?
Name one disease that occurs more frequently with T1DM.
What is autoimmune thyroid disease?
or
What is Celiac disease?
This is the recommended percentage of kcal from CHO for all persons with DM according to the 2017 Diabetes Standards of Care.
What is NO specific recommendations OR individualized?
The desirable total cholesterol range should be ___ mg/dL and the normal range for triglycerides should be ____ mg/dL.
What is <200 mg/dL (total cholesterol) and
<150 mg/dL (triglycerides)?
As part of MNT for HTN, the EAL recommends this many minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity on most days of the week.
What is 30 minutes?
1 out of every ___ deaths are from heart disease.
What is 5?
The Hemoglobin A1C test reflects the average amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin over this many months.
What is 3 months?
This A1c goal is associated with decreased CVD complications and macrovascular disease in non-pregnant adults with diabetes.
What is </= 7%?
Name 2 modifiable risk factors and 1 nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
What is modifiable: DM, diet, dyslipidemia, elevated BP, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking;
nonmodifiable: male gender, older age, and race?
A review of the evidence by the AHA/ACC shows that a weight loss of ___ to ___ % can lead to clinically significant reduction in some CVD risk factors.
What is 3 to 5%?
This microvascular disease complication of diabetes may be triggered or exacerbated by GLP-1 receptor agonists.
What is gastroparesis?
This pregnancy complication puts women at much higher risk of developing T2DM within 10 years.
What is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
List 4 symptoms of hyperglycemia.
What are increased thirst,
dry mouth or skin,
fatigue,
blurred vision,
weakness,
headache,
frequent urination, and
increased infections?
These molecules are responsible for the transport and delivery of fatty acids.
What are lipoproteins?
The largest impact in LDL-C is seen when dietary saturated fat is replaced by ______.
What is polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)?
This is the dietary restriction recommended for older adults with diabetes who live in long term care facilities.
What is no dietary restriction OR regular, unrestricted menu?
Name at least 2 diagnostic criteria for DM.
What is Hgb A1C >/= 6.5%,
fasting plasma glucose >/= 126 mg/dL,
2-hr OGTT >/= 200 mg/dL, and
random plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL in the presence of classic clinical symptoms?
Your referral pt is a 52 y/o F with elevated glucose levels, dx with DM. Her fasting blood glucose level is 132 mg/dL. Her BMI is 28, which has increased from 25 over the pasts several months. She walks for 10 minutes 2x week for exercise. List 3 applicable nutrition diagnoses based on the above information.
What is altered nutrition-related lab values,
physical inactivity,
overweight/obesity,
unintended weight gain and
nutrition related knowledge deficit?
This is a measure of heart contractility in HF, calculated by SV/end diastolic volume.
What is ejection fraction (EF)?
Fact: Normal EF is between 55-80%.
Your pt is a 65 y/o M with dx heart disease. He lives alone and has limited cooking skills. He frequents fast food restaurants because they are within walking distance of his house. He is 20# overweight (BMI 26). Write an appropriate PES statement based on the information you have.
What is Excessive energy (or oral) intake related to frequent consumption of fast food as evidenced by BMI and diet history OR
Undesirable food choices related to limited cooking skills as evidenced by diet history OR
Limited food and nutrition related skill related to limited ability to prepare food for eating as evidenced by disinterest in learning and/or performing skill OR
Intake of types of fats inconsistent with needs related to limited food and nutrition related skill as evidenced by diagnosis of heart disease?
Name the 3 layers of the heart.
What is the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium?