Diabetes Type I
How long must a patient with diabetes type I be on insulin?
For life!
What is the most common type of diabetes (I or II)
Type II (90-95%)
What are 3 s/s of DKA?
Kussmaul's breathing, fruity breath, polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte loss, acidosis
What are 3 s/s of HHS?
Profound dehydration
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Neurological changes
What organ produces insulin?
Pancreas
List 3 s/s of diabetes type I
Pt's are young & thin, ketones in urine, fruity breath, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dry mouth, blurred vision, glycosuria
List 3 common s/s of type II diabetes
Increased thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, unintended weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing sores & frequent urination
What are 3 treatment options for DKA?
Fluids to hydrate the cells
Insulin
Restoring electrolytes
What are 3 treatment options for HHS?
Fluids
Insulin
Correction of electrolytes
Which type of diabetic needs insulin for life?
Type I
Name three complications related to type I diabetes
Prone to infections, risk of hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, allergic reaction to insulins
List two risk factors for type II diabetes
Obesity, inactivity, family history, race/ethnicity, age and blood lipid levels
What is the nursing assessment for DKA?
Vomiting, metabolic Acidosis, fatigue, extreme thirst, fruity breath, metabolic acidosis
What is the nursing assessment for HHS?
Serum level of glucose
Urinalysis
High fever
Extreme thirst
Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine are all what type of insulin?
Rapid Acting
What is a major complication related to uncontrolled type I diabetes?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Uncontrolled type II diabetes may lead to what acute problem?
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
What are 3 nursing interventions for DKA?
Rehydration
Restoring electrolytes
Reversing acidosis
What are 3 nursing interventions for HHS?
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Monitor blood glucose
Monitor vital signs
Hydration and administer IVF
List one cause of morning hyperglycemia
Insulin waning, dawn phenomenon, Somogy effect
Summarize the patho behind diabetes type I
No insulin is being produced by the pancreas so fat is broken down for energy
What are the two main problems related to insulin in type II diabetes?
Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion
What are 3 priorities for DKA?
Risk for hyperglycemia
Impaired gas exchange
Risk for fluid & electrolyte imbalance
What are 3 priorities for HHS?
Risk for FVD
Risk for infection
Risk for hyperglycemia
How long does long acting insulin normally last?
24-36 hours