Sulfonylureas
What do all the sulfonylureas end in (like in the name)
-ide
Name a dual GLP-1/GIP med
Tirzepatide
This drug is considered first-line therapy for T2DM patients
Metformin
What patient population requires insulin for therapy
T1 diabetics
What other diseases can benefit from SGLT2 use
ASCVD, CKD, heart failure
What other type of drug does sulfonylureas commonly interact with
Antimicrobials
Name a non insulin/glucagon related MOA for why GLP-1s can help with diabetes
Name two enzymes metformin acts upon to cause its effects and say what it does
Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition -> acute glucose lowering effects
mGPDH inhibition -> Alters cellular redox leading to increased NADH/NAD ratio -> decreased conversion of lactate and glycerol to glucose -> decreased gluconeogenesis
Activation of AMPK -> reduces fatty acid synthesis, inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and promotes fatty acid oxidation
What is the most significant adverse effect and what is a common side effect
Most significant: Hypoglycemia
Common: Weight gain
How does SGLT2 cause increased risk for UTI
More glucose in pee -> more nutrients for bacteria YUM!
What is the mechanism of sulfonylureas
Stimulate insulin secretion via binding to atp-sensitive K+ channels causing Ca influx and release of insulin
What is the most common side effect?
GI disturbances (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc)
What is the classification of metformin
Biguanide antihyperglycemic agent
Tyrosine kinase receptor
How many days prior to surgery should SGLT2s be discontinued
3 days to prevent euglycemic DKA