What test is carried out by withholding fluids for 8-12 hrs to test for diabetes insipidus?
the fluid deprivation test
100
What is the first line drug used to treat DI?
desmopressin
100
Who is most at risk for development of DI?
pt. w/ a head injury, tumor or lesion, surgery around pituitary gland, or infection; pt. taking lithium carbonate or demeclocycline; older adult patients
200
what does the pituitary gland do?
it stores ADH.
200
Where does the ADH hormone act in the kidneys?
distal nephron
200
What two studies are performed at the beginning and end of the fluid deprivation test?
plasma and urine osmolality
200
Desmopressin is a synthetic version of what hormone?
antidiuretic hormone
200
The patient should notify their provider if what occurs during desmopressin therapy?
headache or confusion
300
What causes diabetes insipidus?
ADH fails to regulate body's fluid level and allows too much urine to be produced and passed out of the body.
300
What are distinguishing characteristics of diabetes insipidus?
very dilute urine; daily output greater than 250 mL/hr; specific gravity of 1.001-1.005
300
The inability to increase these two things in urine are characteristics of DI?
specific gravity and osmolality
300
Why would a pt. with DI be prescribed a diuretic?
to increase urine output
300
The nurse should caution the use of desmopressin on patients with CAD because it can cause?
vasoconstriction
400
What does ADH do?
it controls how much water your body holds in and how much is released.
400
Does the urine contain any abnormal substances? What are they?
a.) yes; protein
b.)yes; ketones
c.)yes; glucose
d.)no; nothing
nothing
400
If the diagnosis of DI is confirmed and the cause is not obvious, what is the patient carefully assessed for?
tumors
400
A diet low in these two hings is recommended for patients with DI?
sodium and protein
400
What are physical assessment findings you will see on a patient with DI?
sunken eyes; tachycardia; hypotension; loss or absence of skin turgor; dry mucus membranes; weak, poor peripheral pulses; decreased cognition
500
What is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
the kidneys do not respond to the ADH hormone.
500
Restricting fluid can cause what in the patient?
craving for fluid
hypernatremia
severe dehydration
500
If symptoms of tachycardia, excessive weight loss, or hypotension occur during the fluid deprivation test, what should the nurse do?
terminate the test
500
Which antimanic agent is known to induce DI?
lithium
500
What are 3 nursing interventions to provide for the patient with DI?`
weigh the patient daily; monitor I&O; patietn safety (side rails up and assistance w/ ambulation due to dizziness or muscle weakness)