Show:
Type 1 DM
Type 2 DM
DM Care
DM Complications
Sweet
100

Ketones show up when this is present

What is insulin deficiency?

100

Explain the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes

 What is body still has insulin but has reduced insulin sensitivity or decreased insulin production

100

The diagnosis of prediabetes has a fasting blood glucose of this and a HBA1C of this.

What is FBC 100-125 and HBA1C of 5.7-6.4%

100

Stress hormone secreted by adrenal gland- makes fat and muscle cells resistant to action of insulin and enhances the action of insulin. When elevated, you become insulin resistant

What is Cortisol?


100

when there is not enough insulin to transport glucose into cells, cells starve — body breaks down fat to be used as energy

What is DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

200

Name the symptoms of a patient that is hyperglycemic (H-H-D)

  • 3P's, blurred vision, ha, lethargy, abdominal pain, ketonuria, coma (Sugar is too high — hot and dry)
200

You are caring for a type 2 DM patient whose FBS is 1500. You know this is the diagnosis

What is Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic                State. 

200

The diagnosis of  diabetes has a Glucose Tolerance Test of this and and HB A1c of this.

What is Glucose Tolerance Test and 200 or higher and HB A1c 6.5%

200

Leading cause of blindness of 24-47 years of age

What is Retinopathy?

200
Name 3 symptoms of a patient in DKA 

Confusion, Disorientation, Thirst, Weight loss, tachycardic, hypotensive, etc. 

300

Explain the pathophysiology of Type 1 DM

IDDM (dependent on insulin — must have to survive) 5% have Type 1 No insulin production; under 40 (12-14 year old), Caucasian, thin, prone to ketoacidosis as complication.

300

A Type 2 DM patient is preparing for surgery. What education will be needed? 

Do not take insulin/oral anti-diabetic agents the day of surgery. Maintain NPO status. 

300

These are the Preprandial glucose and peak postprandial glucose goals for a diabetic.

What are Preprandial 80-130 mg /dl, peak postprandial <180 mg/gl

300

#1 cause of death for type 1 diabetic

 Kidney Disease

300

This type of insulin is continuous, must be given at the same time of day, and cannot be mixed. Name it, the onset and duration.

Basal. (Long Lasting ) Onset 1-2 hours, Duration 24 hours.

400

The Type 1 patient is at home ill with a viral infection. What 4 pieces of nursing education might the clinic nurse provide? 

  • 4 principles of sick day management:
  • maintaining hydration and carbohydrate intake- 8 calories of liquid for every hour- caffeine free,
  • monitoring blood glucose and ketone levels Blood sugar every 2-4 hours. Blood or urine ketones every 4 hours or until regular results are obtained
  • adjusting diabetes medications according to carbohydrate intake, blood glucose and ketone levels. Stop metformin, can cause lactic acidosis. Continue insulin.
  • Know when to call the doctor Difficulty breathing, irretractable N/V/D, greater than 5 D or > 6 vomiting, fingerstick 300 mg/dl more than once, Increased ketones.
400

Patient's blood glucose level is 68 and they feel lightheaded. What intervention would you provide? 

Level 1 Hypoglycemia Give juice (orange or apple) and recheck glucose in 15 minutes. If not elevated in 15 min, repeat juice and recheck in 15 min. Once elevated, give complex carb (milk/graham cracker) and evaluate cause of hypoglycemia. 

400

The goals of treatment for the Glycohemoglobin for a diabetic.

What is 7%?

400

How can you prevent foot complications- name preventative measures: 

  • §Inspect feet daily.

    §Wash and dry feet daily.

    §Wear well-fitting shoes.

    §Protect feet from injury.

    §Avoid crossing legs.

    §Use caution with nail care.

    §See HCP immediately if lesion develops.

400

This insulin is commonly mixed to cover before meals at at bedtime. It is intermediate. Name the Onset, peak and duration.

What is 

What is Intermediate acting

NPH

Onset 2-4 hr

Peak 4-12 hr

Duration 12-18 hr

500

These are the common 5 markers for metabolic syndrome:

  • Abdominal obesity (measured by waist circumference): men—greater than 40 inches; women—greater than 35 inches
  • Fasting blood triglycerides 150 mg/dL or higher
  • Blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: men—less than 40 mg/dL; women—less than 50 mg/dL
  • Blood pressure 130/85 mm Hg or higher
  • Fasting glucose 100 mg/dL or higher
500

The four types of Insulin:

Very rapid acting; Short acting; Intermediate acting; Long Acting (basal)

500

Nutrition Goals- Type 2 Success of the diet is measured by what? 


The success of the diet is measured by the glucose level, HbA lc, lipids, weight, bp, and kidney function.

 

500

AM glucose reading is high and more insulin may be given to make problem worse. May have s/s of night hypoglycemia.

 What is Somogyi effect?

500

You have given your client regular insulin at 1200. When should you assess your client for s/s of hypoglycemia?

 Around 1400- Peak is 2 hours