Patho/Signs and symptoms
s/s of hyperglycemia
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, fruity breath
7 risk factors for type 2 DM
Family history, obesity, race, age, HTN, high cholesterol, impaired glucose tolerance
what is the most common type of diabetes
type 2
how do you store insulin ?
In the refrigerator
what is the concept of DM
Metabolism
s/s of hypoglycemia
sweating, tremor, clammy skin, tachycardia, confusion
In which vessel does Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease present in?
Large vessel
What are the 3'p
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia
what is a common side effect to metformin?
Bitter or metallic taste
when should you stop metformin if you are going into surgery AND why?
24 hours before and after because it can cause lactic acidosis
True or False:
Fruity odor to breath and Kussmaul respirations indicate hypoglycemia
False
chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease
what do beta cells and alpha cells produce?
beta: insulin
alpha: glucagon
what is the peak of short-acting insulin
2.5- 5 hours
what lab is needed to check the blood glucose for the last 3 months?
HGB A1C
a client presents with dry mucous membranes, fruity breath, and deep respirations. which condition should the nurse suspect?
a)hypoglycemia
b)DKA
c) hypernatremia
d)hypercalcemia
if taking theses _____ med's with insulin, it can cause hyperglycemia
aspirin, oral anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemics, etc
what is the action of sulfonylureas?
Stimulates pancreatic beta cells to produce more insulin and increase tissue sensitivity to insulin
what insulin is only given via IV and what is the onset of action?
Regular insulin with an onset of 15 minutes
what is a teaching to prevent lipodystrophy?
rotate injection sites
what is the patho?
the body is unable to process carbohydrates, fats, and proteins due to the ineffective use of insulin within the body. This results in high blood glucose levels in the bloodstream.
A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing vision problems and decreased sensation in the feet. theses finding are most likely due to which diabetic complication?
Microvascular damage
True or False:
If a client with type 1 diabetes has low insulin levels, the nurse can administer oral antidiabetic medication to help raise insulin
False
what are the 2 second generation sulfonylureas medications?
- Glimepiride
- Glipizide
what is the somogyi effect?
hypoglycemia between 2-4am followed by hyperglycemia between 7-8am