Risk Factors:
Which type is obesity a risk factor?
Type 2
Rationale: Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by causing insulin resistance, where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin. This leads to higher blood sugar levels and eventually overwhelms the pancreas, contributing to the development of diabetes.
Which type is related to Polyuria?
Type 1 & Type 2!
Rationale: Polyuria in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes occurs due to high blood sugar. The kidneys filter excess glucose, leading to increased urine production and dehydration. In type 1, this is due to a lack of insulin, while in type 2, it's due to insulin resistance.
Which type should monitor blood glucose levels regulary and report abnormal readings?
Type 1 & 2!
Rationale: Regular blood glucose monitoring helps manage type 1 and type 2 diabetes by detecting abnormal levels early, allowing for timely adjustments in treatment and preventing complications.
Which type requires DAILY adminsteration of insulin?
Type 1
Rationale: Daily insulin administration is essential for type 1 diabetes because the body cannot produce insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels, preventing dangerous fluctuations and ensuring the body’s energy needs are met.
What test is this?
A blood sample is taken, and then, after the patient drinks fluid containing a known amount of glucose, the blood is sampled periodically for the next 3h?
Oral glucose tolerance test.
Rationale: The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) involves taking a blood sample to measure fasting glucose levels, followed by the patient drinking a fluid containing a known amount of glucose. Blood samples are then taken periodically over the next 2-3 hours to assess how the body processes glucose. This test helps diagnose diabetes or prediabetes by evaluating how efficiently the body clears glucose from the bloodstream.
Which type is there a total absence of insulin production?
Type 1!
Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells, leading to no insulin production. This lack of insulin makes it difficult to control blood sugar, increasing the risk of high blood sugar and complications.
Which type is related to Numbness/Tingling in extremeties?
Type 1
Rationale: Numbness and tingling in the extremities in type 1 diabetes can occur due to diabetic neuropathy, a condition where high blood sugar damages the nerves. This nerve damage affects sensation, leading to tingling, numbness, and pain, especially in the hands and feet.
Which type should the nurse educate the patient on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and recognizing signs of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?
Type 1 & 2!
Rationale: Educating patients on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and recognizing signs of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is crucial for preventing acute complications like diabetic ketoacidosis or hypoglycemic episodes. It empowers patients to make informed decisions about their care, leading to better blood glucose control, reduced risk of long-term complications, and increased confidence in managing their diabetes.
Which type requires diet & excercise for management?
Type 2
Rationale: Diet and exercise are key in managing Type 2 diabetes by regulating blood sugar, improving insulin sensitivity, and promoting a healthy weight, which can reduce the need for medication.
What test is this?
After an 8 hour fast, blood is drawn. Normal range is between 60-100mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose.
Rationale: The Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) test measures blood glucose levels after an 8-hour fast. A normal range is typically between 60-100 mg/dL. This test helps assess how well the body manages glucose without the influence of recent food intake, aiding in the diagnosis of diabetes or prediabetes. Elevated levels may indicate impaired fasting glucose or diabetes.
Which type has a risk factor is the patient has an automimmune condition?
Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is associated with an autoimmune condition because it occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Having another autoimmune condition increases the risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, as individuals with autoimmune diseases are more likely to develop additional autoimmune disorders.
Which type is related to Polyphagia?
Type 1
Rationale: Polyphagia (excessive hunger) is commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes. This occurs because the body cannot use glucose effectively due to a lack of insulin, leading to cellular energy depletion. As a result, the body signals hunger in an attempt to compensate for the energy deficit, even though blood sugar levels may be high.
Which type should the nurse educate the patient to: Rotate injection sites to prevent lipostrophy (abnormal fat distribution caused by repeated insulin injections at the same site)?
Type 1 & 2!
Rationale: The nurse should educate both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients to rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy, which is caused by repeated insulin injections at the same site. Rotating sites ensures better insulin absorption, reduces tissue damage, and helps maintain effective blood sugar control.
Which type will Oral Hypoglycemc Agents (Metformin) be adminstered?
Type 2
Rationale: Oral hypoglycemic agents like metformin are administered for Type 2 diabetes. Metformin works by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production in the liver, which helps control blood sugar levels in individuals whose bodies still produce insulin but are resistant to its effects.
What test is this?
Blood test that measures the amount of glucose that has become incorporated into the hemoglobin within an erythrocyte over 3 months. Normal range is 4-6%.
HbA1c levels >6.5%. (Glycosylated Hemoglobin).
Rationale: The HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months by assessing how much glucose has attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells. The normal range is typically 4-6%, with levels above 6.5% indicating poor long-term blood glucose control, which is used to diagnose diabetes. This test provides a reliable indicator of how well diabetes is being managed over time.
Which type is a risk factor if the patient already diagnosed with hypertension?
Type 2
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for individuals already diagnosed with hypertension. Both conditions are closely linked, as they share common risk factors like obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. High blood pressure can also contribute to insulin resistance, making it more likely for a person with hypertension to develop Type 2 diabetes.
What type is related to Polydipsia?
Type 1 & Type 2
Rationale: olydipsia (excessive thirst) is related to both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. In both types, high blood glucose levels cause the body to lose more water through urine (due to osmotic diuresis), leading to dehydration. This triggers excessive thirst as the body tries to replenish lost fluids.
Which type should the nurse adminster a prescribed oral antidiabetic medications (e.g., metformin, sulfonylureas) or insulin therapy if required?
Type 1 & 2!
Rationale: The nurse should administer oral antidiabetic medications (e.g., metformin, sulfonylureas) for Type 2 diabetes, as these medications help regulate blood glucose by improving insulin sensitivity or stimulating insulin production. For Type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy is required because the body no longer produces insulin, and these patients cannot rely on oral medications to control blood sugar.
Which type is insulin depenedent for life?
Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent for life because the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with Type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin and must rely on external insulin administration to regulate blood glucose levels throughout their life.
What test is this?
A blood sample obtained via fingerstick by the patient or nurse.
Self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) or Fingerstick blood sugar (FBS).
Rationale: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) or Fingerstick Blood Sugar (FBS) involves obtaining a blood sample via a fingerstick, either by the patient or a nurse, to measure current blood glucose levels. This method allows individuals to regularly check their blood sugar and make timely adjustments to their diet, exercise, or medication, helping to manage diabetes effectively. It provides immediate results and is crucial for daily diabetes management.
Which type has genetics as a risk factor?
Type 1 & Type 2
Rationale: Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes have genetics as a risk factor. Type 1 is influenced by genetic predisposition and autoimmune triggers, while Type 2 has a stronger genetic link, with family history increasing the risk due to factors like insulin resistance and metabolism.
Which type is related to Frequent UTI or Vaginal infections?
Type 1
Rationale: Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and vaginal infections are more commonly related to Type 1 diabetes. This is because high blood glucose levels can weaken the immune system and create a favorable environment for bacteria and yeast to grow, increasing the risk of infections. Additionally, elevated glucose in urine can provide a food source for pathogens, further promoting infection.
Which type should the patient monitor for medication side effects (e.g., GI upset with metformin, hypoglycemia with sulfonylureas)?
Type 1 & 2!
Rationale: Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes should monitor for medication side effects, such as GI upset with metformin and hypoglycemia with sulfonylureas, to catch and address issues early for safer treatment.
Which type will insulin be administrated in times of stress, surgery, or sickness?
Type 2
Rationale: Insulin may be administered to Type 2 diabetes patients during times of stress, surgery, or sickness. During these conditions, the body’s insulin resistance can increase, and blood sugar levels may rise, making it necessary to use insulin temporarily to maintain proper glucose control.
What test is this?
Sensors like the dexcom or libre connected to a device for the patient to monitor.
Continuous glucose monitoring.
Rationale: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), using sensors like Dexcom or Libre, allows patients to continuously monitor their blood glucose levels throughout the day. These sensors provide real-time data and can alert patients to high or low blood sugar, helping them make timely adjustments to their treatment plan. CGM improves diabetes management by offering a more detailed picture of glucose trends and reducing the need for frequent fingerstick tests.