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Bones/ Lifestyle
Cardiovascular
Microvascular
Mixed bag
Kidney
100
The percentage of men who suffer erectile disfunction because of Diabetes.
What is over 50%.
100
True or False: tight glucose control reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
What is False
100
True or False: Tight glucose control reduces the risk of microvascular complications of diabetes?
What is True
100
What pathway does glucose enter when not able to enter the bloodstream?
What is the 'polyol' pathway. Glucose is reduced via Aldose reductase to Sorbitol which is oxidized to Fructose. In diabetes with high blood sugar, there is more glucose than the body can handle for glycolysis with conversion of glucose to Fructose and the reaction favors the production of sorbitol.
100
What can be seen in the urine that is an indication of diabetic nephropathy?
What is microalbuminuria.
200
This increases the risk of UTIs in men and women as a result of residual urine. Describe the mechanism.
What is overflow incontinence as a result of a loss of bladder sensation.
200
The approximate percentage of people who have type 2 diabetes who develop or die of macrovascular disease.
What is 80%
200
Accumulation of what product will lead to the hyaline atherosclerosis seen frequently in diabetes mellitus?
What is glycosylated end-products. Unlike atherosclerosis caused by hypertension where damage to the wall of the vessel allows for entry of plasma proteins, accumulation of glycosylated end-products is responsible for the hyalinizing atherosclerosis of diabetes mellitus type 2.
200
What accumulates in the pancreas of those with type 2 DM?
What is amyloid.
200
A patient comes in with swelling around the eyes, describes her urine as foamy, has gained weight recently, feels nauseous and is vomiting, has a general bad feeling, feels tired, has a headache and you notice a persistant hiccup when she talks to you. What is going on?
What is renal failure.
300
A condition when a joint deteriorates because of nerve damage, and a common complication of diabetes. This primarily affects the feet.
What is neuropathic arthropathy or Charcot joint.
300
Accumulation of this leads to hypertriglyceridemia.
What is VLDLs.
300
What causes diabetic patients to be more prone to injury?
What is loss of peripheral neuropathy.
300
What is a typical first presentation of diabetes mellitus type 2 in women?
What is candidal vaginitis.
300
What is another name for a Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion?
What is nodular glomerulosclerosis.
400
A condition in which the skin on the hands becomes waxy and thickened. Finger movement is limited and it is difficult or impossible to fully extend your fingers or press your palms together flat.
What is cheiroarthropathy or Diabetic hand syndrome.
400
Two people who both have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high HDL-C: one has Diabetes Mellitus, the other doesn't. What percentage greater risk is the person with DM?
What is 10%.
400
What is generally a cause of diabetic retinopathy?
What is atherosclerosis of the small vessels of the retina, leading to hypoxia, leading to new vessels forming, which are weaker, which leads to hemorrhage.
400
What is a type of Diabetes Mellitus that shows up in middle ages that is commonly confused for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2?
What is Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults
400
What is the name for infection of the kidney?
What is pyelonephritis.
500
Percentage of people who have diabetes and develop diabetic foot ulcers that result in amputations.
What is 2%.
500
Two people who both have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high HDL-C: one has Diabetes Mellitus and smokes, the other doesn't. What percentage greater risk is the person with DM who smokes?
What is 20% (for a risk of about 39%)
500
These are 3 of the 4 pathways that occur because of the effect of ROS on GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)
What is Polyol pathway (Glucose-> Fructose via Sorbitol), Hexosamine pathway (Fructose-6-P-> Glucosamine-6-P->UDPGlcNAc), Protein Kinase C pathway (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate->DAG->Protein Kinase C), AGE pathway (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate->methylglyoxal->AGE)
500
What is a way to differentiate between LADA and Diabetes Type 2 Mellitus?
What is the absence of C peptide.
500
What is the name for death of parts of the kidney?
What is papillary necrosis.