Diabetes Basics
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
A condition where the body produces insulin but the cells are resistant to it.
Name one common symptom for Type 2 Diabetes.
Increased thirst (polydipsia)
What fasting blood glucose level indicates diabetes?
126 mg/dL or higher
What is the first-line oral medication for Type 2 Diabetes?
How can regular exercise help Type 2 Diabetes?
It improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood sugar
What is the main cause of Type 2 Diabetes?
Insulin resistance and decreased insulin effectiveness.
What does "polyuria" mean?
excessive urination
What A1C level indicates diabetes?
6.5% or higher
How does Metformin help lower blood sugar?
It decreases liver glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity
What kind of diet should be encouraged?
A balanced diet with controlled carbohydrates and fiber.
Which age group is most commonly affected by Type 2 Diabetes?
Adults, but it's increasingly seen in children and teens.
Cells can't use glucose properly for energy
What does the A1C test measure?
Average blood glucose over 2-3 months.
What should patients do if they take insulin or pills before meals?
Eat to prevent hypoglycemia
Why should nurses assess a diabetic patient's feet regularly?
To check for wounds, ulcers, or loss of sensation.
What are two main risk factors for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
Obesity and lack of physical activity.
What symptom may occur in type 2 Diabetes due to poor circulation and nerve damage in the extremities?
Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
What is the normal fasting glucose range?
70-99 mg/dL
What is a common side effect of Metformin?
GI upset or diarrhea
What should nurses teach patients with Type 2 Diabetes about sick day management?
continue taking medications, monitor blood sugar more frequently, stay hydrated
What organ releases insulin into the bloodstream?
Why do wounds heal slowly in Type 2 Diabetes?
Poor circulation and high blood sugar can slow down the healing process.
To manage and prevent complications
Name one medication class that increases insulin release from the pancreas
Sulfonylureas
Name three lifestyle changes that can help manage Type 2 Diabetes
1. healthy eating
2. physical activity
3. weight control