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Insulin
Diagnostics
Nursing
Characteristics
Miscellaneous
100
What type of insulin is Novolog? What is the peak action of Novolog?
Rapid acting 45 minutes pg 915
100
What is the normal fasting range of blood glucose?
70 - 120 mg/dl
100
As the nurse, what will you instruct the patient to do for an OGTT?
consume a balanced diet for 3 daysprior to the test. Fast 10-12 hr prior to the test. Tell the patient a fasting level will be drawn, then the patient will consume a specified amount of glucose. Blood sugar is drawn q 30 min for 2 hr.
100
What are the 3 hallmark symptoms of DM?
The 3 P's Poluria Polydipsia Polyphagia
100
What are some com[plications of Diabetes?
Cardiovascular disease HTN Renal failure Blindness CVA
200
What type of insulin is Novolin R? What is it's peak action?
Short acting 2.5-5 hr pg 915
200
With the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test what should the blood glucose value be at 2 hours?
< 200 mg/dl
200
As the nurse what will you mpnitor for during the OGTT?
Hypoglycemia (diaphoresis, irritability, hunger, weakness)
200
Name some hallmark risk factors for the development of insulin resistence
Obesity Physical inactivity High Triglycerides(>250 mg/dL) Hypertension
200
What causes the complications of diabetes?
Damage to large and small blood vessels, resulting from a decrease in tissue perfusion
300
What type of insulin is NPH? What is it's peak action?
Intermediate acting 4-12 hr
300
What should the blood glucose level be with the pre-meal glucose?
90 - 130 mg/dl
300
As the nurse, what will you instruct the patient to do when caring for his/her feet?
inspect daily pat dry(including between toes) cut nails after bathing wear clean absorbent socks use mild foot powder on sweaty feet(with cornstarch) avoid prolonged sitting, standing, crossing of legs
300
What are the S/Sx of Type 1
3 P's Rapid weight loss Irritability Weakness/fatigue n/v
300
What is ketoacidosis?
An excess of ketones due to the breakdown of fats for energy.
400
What type of insulin is Lantus? What is it's peak action?
Long acting None
400
What diagnostic is the BEST indicator of the average blood glucose for the past 120 days? What is the target range?
HbA1c 4 - 6%
400
What will you instruct the patient to do when they are ill?
monitor blood glucose every 4 hr continue to take insulin per order drink sugar-free non-caffienated liquid every hour to prevent dehydration meet CHO needs through solid food test urine for ketones rest
400
What are the S/Sx type 2 ?
Weight gain Family hx Poor healing Itchy Drowsy Feet numb/tingly Maybe the 3 P's
400
Should you exercise with a blood sugar of 250 or more? Why/why not?
No Not enough insulin available and glycogen may be released from the liver during exercise and can increase blood glucose levels further
500
What type of insulin is Humulin 70/30? What is it's peak action?
Combination insulin 2-12 hr
500
What does a positive urine glucose mean?
There is an excess amount of glucose in the blood that is not being reabsorbed, thus it is excreted via the urine.
500
A client's blood glucose is 49 mg/dl. Client is lethargic but arousable. What are the nursing priorities?
give 15g CHO, recheck blood glucose in 15 min, if below 70 mg/dl give more CHO, recheck blood glucose in 15 min, repeat until blood glucose is above 70 mg/dl, follow with 7 g protein, report to client's primary provider
500
In diabetes mellitus chronic hyperglycemia occurs due to what?
Insulin secretion Insulin resistance
500
Name 3 nursing diagnosis related to a diagnosis of diabetes.
Risk for injury Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements Risk for impaired skin integrity Deficient knowledge Self-care deficit