Stages of Development
Young-Middle of 1st grade
Scribbles
Phonological Awareness
Emergent Literacy Stage
Affects how sound travels through the ear
Do not hear differences between sounds
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Young children can talk about a book before they can read it
Concepts About Print
Students begin to recognize words that are repeated in texts
Word Identification
Teachers assess a student's expression, volume, phrasing, smoothness, and pace when reading
Fluency Assessment
1st-2nd grade
Understand words are made of sounds
Invented Spelling
Early Developing Literacy Stage
Impacts written communication (information & motor skills)
Hard time spelling and writing
Dysgraphia
Early readers begin to math the words on the page to spoken words
Speech to Print Match
Children begin to segment and blend sounds to decode and spell phonetically
Phonemic Awareness
Measures comprehension by deleting words within a text for the student to complete when reading
Close Test
3rd-5th grade
Use prosody
Write with details
Developing Literacy Stage
Affect receptive and expressive language
Difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups that form words, sentences, and stories
Language Processing Disorder
Kids' knowledge of letter names predicts their future reading success
Knowledge of Letter Names
A student's spelling patterns reveal their understanding of phonics
Spelling Assessments
Student reads a passage aloud; teacher makes note of 'miscues' or mistakes; analyze how it impacts comprehension
Miscue Analysis
5th-8th grade
Develop their own POV
Begin writing elaborate essays
Strategic Literacy Stage
Affects ability to understand nonverbal cues
Limited coordination with weaker social skills (Not speaking or writing skills)
Kids' understanding of how sounds work in words; listening assessment
Phonological Awareness
Students move from oral reading to silent reading and communicate their understanding with retelling
Story Retelling
Multiple sources, multiple perspectives
Writing in content tasks
Complex Literacy Stage
Affects understanding of info a person sees or ability to draw or copy
Struggle with cutting or holding a pencil