Stages of Development
Age - young - middle of 1st
scribbles
phonological awareness
Negatively affects how sound
that travels through the ear
is processed by the
brain,
Kids with APD
struggle to
recognize and
distinguish
the difference between sounds
Auditory Processing Disorder
Concepts about Print - Young children can talk about a book before they can read it,
Speech to Print Match - Early readers begin to match the words on the page to spoken words,
Knowledge of letter names - kids knowledge of letter names predicts their future reading success,
Phonological awareness - kids understanding of how sounds work in words, listening assessment
Emergent
First - second grade
alphabet becomes real
invented spelling
Early developing literacy stage
Negatively
affects a child’s written communication, impacting both information
and motor skills,
Kids with Dysgraphia also have a har
d time with spelling and writing
Dysgraphia
Word Identification - students begin to recognize words that are repeated in text,
Phonemic awareness - children begin to segment and blend sounds to decode and spell phonetically,
Spelling assessments - a students spelling patterns reveal their understanding of phonics,
Story retelling - students move from oral reading to silent reading and communicate their understanding with retelling
Early Developing
prosody when reading
writing includes descriptive details
Developing literacy stage
Negatively affects a child’s ability to read and process language
-
based skills
because it
involves
a
disconnect between visual letters and their verbal sounds,
Kids with Dyslexia struggle with fluency, decoding, and comprehension
Dyslexia
Fluency Assessment - teachers assess a students expression, volume, phrasing, smoothness, and pace when reading,
Close test - measures comprehension by deleting words within a text for the student to complete when reading,
Miscue analysis - student reads a passage around, teacher makes note of miscues or mistakes, analyze how it impacts comprehension
Developing
5th - 8th grade
begin to develop own point of view
elaborate essays
strategic literacy stage
Can negatively
a
ffect
both receptive and expressive language,
Kids with
LPD
may
have
difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups that form
words, sentences
,
and stories.
Language Processing Disorder
high school - college
multiple sources and perspectives
writing is embedded in content tasks
complex literacy stage
Negatively affects a child’s ability to understand nonverbal
and social
cues,
Kids with NVLD often have limi
ted coordination along with weaker social skills
, but
not speaking and writing skills
;
characterized by tak
ing everything
literally
Non- Verbal Learning Disabilities