IPA Basics
What goes on the outside of anything we IPA?
[brackets]
[ju kæn ɪnklud ʌ hoʊl freiz]
If you have one consonant in between two vowels, which vowel should you put that consonant with when dividing syllables?
The second vowel
Ex.
A-mo-re
The penultimate syllable.
Italian:
legale
[le.ˈga.le]
[tes:si.'tu.ra]
Italian
Tessitura
How do we show a syllable break in IPA?
By using a period (.) in between the syllables.
[par.ti]
[dɪk.ʃən]
When stressed letter O ends a syllable, is it usually open or closed?
What is the name of the category of consonants that includes [t], [p], [d], [k], and others?
Stop-plosives
In what circumstances would you put an accent mark above a vowel in IPA?
Never! Syllabic stress is always shown with an apostrophe or small dash at the start of the syllable.
Note: the stress mark should go at the start of the syllable, not next to the stressed vowel contained in the syllable (unless that vowel starts the syllable)
Are unstressed letter Es open or closed?
They should always be closed, unless followed by L, M, N, or R plus another consonant.
In Italian, is stressed letter e before a double consonant closed or open?
It could be either, and you need to look it up in a dictionary.
Italian:
segno
[ˈse.ɲo]
[ɪg.ˈzæm.pəl]
English
Example
When do I use capital letters in IPA?
Only if the symbol looks like a capital letter!
While many symbols look like letters in the English alphabet, they are not those letters - they are symbols indicating specific sounds. If a symbol looks like a lowercase letter, it must ALWAYS be lowercase. If a symbol looks like an uppercase letter, it must ALWAYS be uppercase.
How do you pronounce the letter G before an e or I vowel?
[dʒ]
Ex. Gemma, Giorni
Which of these consonants is voiced, and which is unvoiced?
[ θ ] and [ ð ]
[ θ ] is unvoiced and [ ð ] is voiced
English:
Weather
[ˈwɛ.ðɚ] or [ˈwɛ.ðər]
[ˈrɪŋ.kəl]
English
Wrinkle
What is the difference between a pure vowel and a diphthong?
A pure vowel can be sustained without movement of the articulators. A diphthong is a vowel unit made up of two pure vowels, with the acoustic result being perceived as a single unit.
How do you pronounce CCH in Italian?
[k:k]
Ex. Gnocchi
Which is the only diphthong in English where the second vowel gets a longer duration than the first vowel?
[ju]
English:
faithful
[ˈfeɪθ.fʊl] or ['feɪθ.fəl]
[kon.ˈsi.ʎo]
Italian
consiglio